Abstract: Matsayin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na fermenters yana da babban tasiri akan ingancin giya.Tsaftace da bakararre shine ainihin abin da ake buƙata don sarrafa tsafta a cikin samar da giya.Kyakkyawan tsarin CIP na iya tsaftace fermenter yadda ya kamata.An tattauna matsalolin tsarin tsaftacewa, hanyar tsaftacewa, tsarin tsaftacewa, wakili mai tsaftacewa / zaɓin sterilizant da ingancin aiki na tsarin CIP.
Gabatarwa
Tsaftacewa da haifuwa shine ainihin aikin samar da giya da kuma mafi mahimmancin ma'auni na fasaha don inganta ingancin giya.Manufar tsaftacewa da haifuwa ita ce kawar da dattin da bangon ciki na bututu da kayan aiki ke haifarwa kamar yadda zai yiwu a lokacin aikin samarwa, da kuma kawar da barazanar lalata ƙwayoyin cuta ga shan giya.Daga cikin su, shukar fermentation yana da mafi girman buƙatun ga ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma aikin tsaftacewa da haifuwa yana da fiye da 70% na jimlar aikin.A halin yanzu, ƙarar fermenter yana ƙara girma da girma, kuma bututun da ke ɗauke da kayan yana ƙara tsayi kuma yana daɗaɗawa, wanda ke kawo matsaloli masu yawa ga tsaftacewa da haifuwa.Yadda za a tsaftace da kyau da kyau da kuma haifuwar fermenter don saduwa da buƙatun giya na "tsalle mai tsabta" na yanzu da kuma biyan buƙatun mabukaci don ingancin samfur ya kamata ma'aikatan masu sana'a masu sana'ar giya su daraja su sosai.
1 tsarin tsaftacewa da abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da ke shafar tasirin tsaftacewa
1.1 tsarin tsaftacewa
A lokacin aikin samar da giya, saman kayan aikin da ke hulɗa da kayan zai ajiye wasu datti saboda dalilai daban-daban.Ga masu fermenters, abubuwan da ke lalata sun fi yawa yisti da ƙazantattun furotin, mahaɗan hops da hop resin mahadi, da duwatsun giya.Saboda tsayayyen wutar lantarki da sauran abubuwa, waɗannan datti suna da wani kuzarin ƙara kuzari tsakanin saman bangon ciki na fermenter.Babu shakka, don fitar da datti daga bangon tanki, dole ne a biya wani adadin kuzari.Wannan makamashi na iya zama makamashin injina, wato, hanyar gogewa da kwararar ruwa tare da wani ƙarfin tasiri;Hakanan za'a iya amfani da makamashin sinadarai, kamar yin amfani da wakili mai tsaftar acidic (ko alkaline) don sassauta, fasa ko narkar da datti, ta yadda za a bar saman da aka makala;Yana da makamashi na thermal, wato, ta hanyar ƙara yawan zafin jiki na tsaftacewa, da sauri da sauri da kuma hanzarta aikin tsaftacewa.A gaskiya ma, tsarin tsaftacewa sau da yawa shine sakamakon hadewar injiniya, sinadarai da yanayin zafi.
1.2 Abubuwan da ke shafar tasirin tsaftacewa
1.2.1 Adadin adsorption tsakanin ƙasa da ƙasan ƙarfe yana da alaƙa da ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarfe.Ƙarfe mafi ƙanƙanta, ƙara ƙarfin adsorption tsakanin datti da saman, kuma mafi wuyar tsaftacewa.Kayan aikin da ake amfani da su don samar da abinci yana buƙatar Ra<1μm;Halayen kayan aikin kayan aiki kuma suna rinjayar adsorption tsakanin datti da saman kayan aiki.Alal misali, tsaftacewa na kayan haɗin gwiwar yana da wuyar gaske idan aka kwatanta da tsaftacewa na bakin karfe.
1.2.2 Halayen datti kuma suna da wata alaƙa tare da tasirin tsaftacewa.Babu shakka, yana da wuya a cire tsohuwar datti da aka bushe fiye da cire sabon.Sabili da haka, bayan an kammala sake zagayowar samarwa, dole ne a tsaftace fermenter da wuri-wuri, wanda bai dace ba, kuma za'a tsabtace shi da haifuwa kafin amfani na gaba.
1.2.3 Ƙarfin Scour wani babban abu ne da ke shafar tasirin tsaftacewa.Ba tare da la'akari da bututun ruwa ko bangon tanki ba, tasirin tsaftacewa ya fi kyau kawai lokacin da ruwan wanka ya kasance cikin yanayin tashin hankali.Don haka, ya zama dole a sarrafa yadda ya kamata a sarrafa ƙarfin ɗigon ruwa da ƙimar kwarara ta yadda fuskar na'urar ta cika jika don tabbatar da ingantaccen sakamako mai tsabta.
1.2.4 Amfanin mai tsaftacewa kanta ya dogara da nau'insa (acid ko tushe), aiki da maida hankali.
1.2.5 A mafi yawan lokuta, tasirin tsaftacewa yana ƙaruwa tare da yawan zafin jiki.Yawancin gwaje-gwajen sun nuna cewa lokacin da aka ƙayyade nau'i da ƙaddamarwa na wakili mai tsaftacewa, sakamakon tsaftacewa a 50 ° C na minti 5 da wankewa a 20 ° C na minti 30 daidai ne.
2 fermenter CIP tsaftacewa
Yanayin aiki na 2.1CIP da tasirin sa akan tasirin tsaftacewa
Hanyar tsaftacewa da masana'antun zamani ke amfani da su ita ce tsaftacewa a wuri (CIP), wanda shine hanyar tsaftacewa da tsaftace kayan aiki da bututu ba tare da kwance sassa ko kayan aiki na kayan aiki a cikin rufaffiyar yanayi ba.
2.1.1 Manyan kwantena irin su fermenters ba za a iya tsabtace su ta hanyar maganin tsaftacewa ba.Ana aiwatar da tsaftacewar cikin wurin na fermentor ta hanyar zagayowar gogewa.The scrubber yana da nau'i biyu na kafaffen nau'in wankin ƙwallon ƙafa da nau'in jet rotary.Ana fesa ruwan wankan a saman tanki na ciki ta wurin goge-goge, sannan ruwan wankan ya gangaro daga bangon tankin.A karkashin yanayi na al'ada, ruwan wanka yana samar da fim din da aka haɗe zuwa tanki.A bangon tanki.Sakamakon wannan aikin injiniya yana da ƙananan, kuma aikin tsaftacewa yana samuwa ne ta hanyar aikin sinadarai na mai tsaftacewa.
2.1.2 Madaidaicin nau'in gogewa na ƙwallon ƙwallon yana da radius mai aiki na 2 m.Don masu fermenters a kwance, dole ne a shigar da goge goge da yawa.Matsakaicin ruwan wankewa a madaidaicin bututun gogewa ya kamata ya zama 0.2-0.3 MPa;don masu fermenters na tsaye Da kuma ma'aunin ma'aunin ma'aunin matsi a bakin famfo na wankewa, ba kawai asarar matsin lamba da juriya na bututun ya haifar ba, har ma da tasirin tsayi a kan matsa lamba mai tsabta.
2.1.3 Lokacin da matsa lamba ya yi ƙasa sosai, aikin radius na scrubber yana da ƙananan, yawan ruwa bai isa ba, kuma ruwan tsaftacewa da aka fesa ba zai iya cika bangon tanki ba;lokacin da matsa lamba ya yi yawa, ruwan tsaftacewa zai haifar da hazo kuma ba zai iya samar da gangara zuwa ƙasa tare da bangon tanki ba.Fim ɗin ruwa, ko ruwan tsaftacewa da aka fesa, yana dawowa daga bangon tanki, yana rage tasirin tsaftacewa.
2.1.4 Lokacin da kayan aikin da za a tsaftace su ne datti kuma diamita na tanki yana da girma (d> 2m), ana amfani da nau'in nau'i na rotary jet don ƙara radius (0.3-0.7 MPa) don ƙara radius na wankewa inganta radius na wanka.Ayyukan injiniya na kurkura yana ƙaruwa da sakamako mai lalacewa.
2.1.5 Rotary jet scrubbers na iya amfani da ƙaramin adadin ruwa mai tsafta fiye da mai wanki.Yayin da matsakaicin kurkurawar ke wucewa, mai gogewa yana amfani da jujjuyawar ruwan don juyawa, tarwatsawa da fankowa a madadin haka, ta yadda za a inganta aikin tsaftacewa.
2.2 Ƙididdiga na kwararar ruwa mai tsabta
Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, mai fermenter yana buƙatar samun ƙayyadaddun ƙarfi da yawan kwarara yayin tsaftacewa.Domin tabbatar da isasshen kauri daga cikin ruwa kwarara Layer da samar da ci gaba da tashin hankali kwarara, shi wajibi ne don kula da kwarara kudi na tsaftacewa famfo.
2.2.1 Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban don kimanta yawan kwararar ruwan tsaftacewa don tsaftace tankunan mazugi na zagaye.Hanyar gargajiya kawai tana la'akari da kewayen tanki, kuma an ƙayyade shi a cikin kewayon 1.5 zuwa 3.5 m3 / m•h bisa ga wahalar tsaftacewa (mafi yawan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan tanki da babba na babban tanki). ).Tankin mazugi mai madauwari da diamita na 6.5m yana da kewayen kusan 20m.Idan ana amfani da 3m3 / m• h, yawan adadin ruwan tsaftacewa yana kusan 60m3 / h.
2.2.2 Sabuwar hanyar ƙididdigewa ta dogara ne akan gaskiyar cewa adadin metabolites (sediments) da aka haɓaka a kowace lita na wort sanyaya yayin fermentation yana dawwama.Lokacin da diamita na tanki ya karu, sararin samaniya na ciki a kowace naúrar tanki yana raguwa.A sakamakon haka, adadin dattin datti a kowane yanki yana ƙaruwa, kuma dole ne a ƙara yawan adadin ruwan tsaftacewa daidai.Ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da 0.2 m3 / m2•h.Mai fermenter mai karfin 500 m3 da diamita na 6.5 m yana da yanki na ciki na kusan 350 m2, kuma yawan ruwan tsaftacewa yana da kusan 70 m3 / h.
Hanyoyi 3 da aka saba amfani da su da hanyoyin tsaftace fermenters
3.1 Bisa ga yawan zafin jiki na aikin tsaftacewa, ana iya raba shi zuwa tsaftacewa mai sanyi (zazzabi na al'ada) da tsaftacewa mai zafi (dumi).Don adana lokaci da wanke ruwa, mutane sukan yi wanka a mafi yawan zafin jiki;don kare lafiyar manyan ayyukan tanki, ana amfani da tsabtace sanyi sau da yawa don tsaftace manyan tankuna.
3.2 Dangane da nau'in kayan aikin tsaftacewa da aka yi amfani da shi, ana iya raba shi zuwa tsabtace acidic da tsabtace alkaline.Wanke alkaline ya dace musamman don kawar da gurɓataccen yanayi da aka samar a cikin tsarin, kamar yisti, furotin, resin hop, da sauransu;pickling shine ya fi kawar da gurɓatattun ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke haifar da su a cikin tsarin, kamar su gishirin calcium, gishirin magnesium, duwatsun giya, da makamantansu.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-30-2020