The safety hazards of the reactor are as follows…

In recent years, the leakage, fire and explosion accidents of the reactor have occurred frequently. Since the reactor is often filled with toxic and harmful chemicals, the consequences of the accident are more serious than the general explosion accident.

The hidden danger of reactor safety cannot be ignored

The reaction kettle refers to a batch reactor with a stirring device. According to the pressure required by the process, the chemical reaction can be carried out under the conditions of open, closed, normal pressure, pressurized or negative pressure.

In the production and synthesis process of chemical products, the safety of the reactor and the environment of the production site are particularly important. In recent years, the reactor explosion accident caused by negligence has given the chemical industry a wake-up call. Seemingly safe materials, if improperly placed and of poor quality, will also cause safety accidents.

The safety hazards of the reactor are as follows:

Feeding error

If the feeding speed is too fast, the feeding ratio is out of control, or the feeding sequence is wrong, a rapid exothermic reaction may occur. If the cooling cannot be synchronized, heat accumulation will form, causing the material to be partially thermally decomposed, resulting in a rapid reaction of the material and a large amount of harmful gas. An explosion occurred.

pipeline leak

When feeding, for the normal pressure reaction, if the vent pipe is not opened, when the pump is used to transport the liquid material into the kettle, a positive pressure is easily formed in the kettle, which is easy to cause the material pipe connection to crack, and the leakage of the material may cause personal injury. Burn accident. When unloading, if the material in the kettle is not cooled to the specified temperature (generally required to be below 50 °C), the material at a higher temperature is easy to deteriorate and it is easy to cause the material to splash and scald the operator.

heating up too fast

Due to the excessive heating speed, low cooling rate and poor condensation effect of the materials in the kettle, it may cause the materials to boil, form a mixture of vapor and liquid phases, and generate pressure. Pieces and other pressure relief systems implement pressure relief and punching. If the punching material cannot achieve the effect of rapid pressure relief, it may cause an explosion accident of the kettle body.

Repair hot

During the reaction process of the materials in the kettle, if electric welding, gas cutting maintenance operations are carried out without taking effective preventive measures, or sparks are generated by tightening bolts and iron objects, once flammable and explosive leaking materials are encountered, it may cause fire and explosion. ACCIDENT.

Equipment construction

Unreasonable design of the reactor, discontinuous equipment structure and shape, improper welding seam layout, etc., may cause stress concentration; improper material selection, unsatisfactory welding quality when manufacturing the container, and improper heat treatment may reduce the toughness of the material; the container shell The body is eroded by corrosive media, the strength is reduced or the safety accessories are missing, etc., which may cause the container to explode during use.

Reacting out of control

Many chemical reactions, such as oxidation, chlorination, nitration, polymerization, etc., are strongly exothermic reactions. If the reaction goes out of control or encounters a sudden power outage or water outage, the reaction heat will accumulate, and the temperature and pressure in the reactor will rise sharply. Its pressure resistance can cause the container to rupture. The material is ejected from the rupture, which may cause a fire and explosion accident; the explosion of the reaction kettle causes the equilibrium state of the material vapor pressure to be destroyed, and the unstable superheated liquid will cause secondary explosions (steam explosion); The space around the kettle is enveloped by droplets or vapors of combustible liquids, and 3 explosions (mixed gas explosions) will occur in case of ignition sources.

The main reasons for the runaway reaction are: the reaction heat was not removed in time, the reaction material was not evenly dispersed and the operation was wrong.

Safe Operating Matters

Container inspection

Regularly check various containers and reaction equipment. If any damage is found, they must be replaced in time. Otherwise, the consequences of conducting experiments without knowledge are unimaginable.

Pressure selection

Be sure to know the specific pressure value required by the experiment, and choose a professional pressure gauge to conduct the test within the allowable pressure range. Otherwise, the pressure will be too small and will not meet the requirements of the experimental reactor. Very likely to be dangerous.

Experimental site

Physical and chemical reactions can not be carried out casually, especially the reactions under high pressure, which have higher requirements on the experimental site. Therefore, in the process of conducting the experiment, the experimental site must be selected according to the requirements of the test.

clean

Pay attention to the cleaning of the autoclave. After each experiment, it must be cleaned up. When there are impurities in it, do not start the experiment without authorization.

thermometer

During operation, the thermometer must be placed in the reaction vessel in the correct way, otherwise, not only the measured temperature will be inaccurate, but also the experiment may fail.

safety equipment

Before the experiment, carefully check all kinds of safety devices, especially the safety valve, so as to ensure the safety of the experiment. In addition, these reactor safety devices are also regularly inspected, repaired and maintained.

press

The high-pressure reactor needs a specific pressure gauge, and the general choice is a pressure gauge dedicated to oxygen. If you accidentally choose a pressure gauge for other gases, it may cause unimaginable consequences.

Emergency Response Measures

1 The rapid rise of production temperature and pressure cannot be controlled

When the production temperature and pressure rise rapidly and cannot be controlled, quickly close all material inlet valves; immediately stop stirring; quickly close the steam (or hot water) heating valve, and open the cooling water (or chilled water) cooling valve; quickly open the vent valve; When the venting valve and temperature and pressure are still uncontrollable, quickly open the discharging valve at the bottom of the equipment to discard the material; when the above treatment is ineffective and the discharging of the bottom discharging valve cannot be completed in a short time, promptly notify the post personnel to evacuate the site.

2 A large amount of toxic and harmful substances leaked

When a large amount of toxic and harmful substances leaks, immediately notify the surrounding personnel to evacuate the site in the upwind direction; quickly wear a positive pressure respirator to close (or close) the toxic and harmful leakage valve; when the toxic and harmful substance valve cannot be closed, quickly notify the downwind direction ( Or four weeks) units and personnel to disperse or take precautions, and spray the treatment agent according to the material characteristics for absorption, dilution and other treatments. Finally, contain the spill for proper disposal.

3 A large amount of flammable and explosive substances leaked

When a large amount of flammable and explosive substances leak, wear a positive pressure respirator quickly to close (or close) the flammable and explosive leakage valve; when the flammable and explosive leakage valve cannot be closed, quickly notify the surrounding (especially downwind) personnel to stop Open flames and production and operations that are prone to sparks, and quickly stop other production or operations around, and if possible, move flammable and explosive leaks to a safe area for disposal. When the gas leakage has been burned, the valve should not be closed in a hurry, and attention should be paid to prevent flashback and the gas concentration reaching the explosion limit to cause an explosion.

4. Immediately find out the cause of poisoning when people are injured

When people are injured, the cause of poisoning should be immediately identified and dealt with effectively; when poisoning is caused by inhalation, the poisoned person should be quickly moved to the fresh air in the upwind direction. If the poisoning is serious, send it to the hospital for rescue; if the poisoning is caused by ingestion, drink enough warm water, induce vomiting, or detoxify the milk or egg white, or take other substances to drain; if the poisoning is caused by the skin, immediately take off the contaminated clothing , rinse with a large amount of flowing water, and seek medical attention; when the poisoned person stops breathing, quickly perform artificial respiration; when the poisoned person’s heart stops beating, quickly perform manual pressure to take off the heart; when the person’s body skin is burned in a large area, immediately wash with plenty of water Clean the burnt surface, rinse for about 15 minutes, and be careful not to get cold and frostbite, and immediately send it to the hospital for medical treatment after changing to non-polluting clothes.