Tanthauzo la kusefera, pokonza madzi, kusefera nthawi zambiri kumatanthawuza njira yosungira zonyansa zomwe zaimitsidwa m'madzi ndi zinthu zosanjikiza monga mchenga wa quartz ndi anthracite, kuti madziwo athe kumveka bwino.Zida za porous zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posefera zimatchedwa zosefera, ndipo mchenga wa quartz ndizomwe zimasefa kwambiri.Zosefera ndi granular, powdery ndi fibrous.Zosefera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi mchenga wa quartz, anthracite, activated carbon, magnetite, garnet, ceramics, pulasitiki mipira, etc.
Multi-media fyuluta (sefa bedi) ndi fyuluta yapakatikati yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito media ziwiri kapena zingapo ngati gawo losefera.M'mafakitale ozungulira madzi opangira madzi, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa zonyansa m'madzi onyansa, mafuta a adsorb, ndi zina zotero, kuti khalidwe la madzi likwaniritse zofunikira zobwezeretsanso..Ntchito yosefera makamaka ndiyo kuchotsa zonyansa zoyimitsidwa kapena colloidal m'madzi, makamaka kuchotsa bwino tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi mabakiteriya omwe sangathe kuchotsedwa ndiukadaulo wamvula.Ma BOD ndi COD amakhalanso ndi gawo lina lakuchotsa.
Ma parameter a magwiridwe antchito akuwonetsedwa patebulo ili:
zosefera
Multimedia fyuluta imapangidwa makamaka ndi thupi losefera, payipi yothandizira ndi valavu.
The fyuluta thupi makamaka zigawo zotsatirazi: Chosavuta;zigawo zogawa madzi;zigawo zothandizira;chitoliro cha airwash;zosefera;
Zosankha zosefera
(1) Iyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira zamakina kuti ipewe kung'ambika komanso kung'ambika panthawi yosamba msana;
(2) Kukhazikika kwamankhwala kuli bwino;
(3) Ilibe zinthu zovulaza ndi zowopsa ku thanzi la munthu, ndipo ilibe zinthu zomwe zimawononga kupanga ndi kukhudza kupanga;
(4) Kusankhidwa kwa zinthu zosefera kuyenera kuyesa kugwiritsa ntchito zida zosefera zokhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu yotsatsira, kutsekereza kuwononga kwambiri, kupanga madzi ochulukirapo komanso mtundu wabwino wanyansi.
Muzosefera, miyala imathandiza makamaka.Panthawi yosefera, chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zazikulu, mipata yokhazikika pakati pa wina ndi mzake, ndi ma pores akuluakulu, ndi bwino kuti madzi adutse m'madzi osefedwa bwino posamba bwino.Mofananamo, kuchapa msana Panthawiyi, madzi otsuka kumbuyo ndi mpweya wobwerera kumbuyo amatha kudutsa bwino.M'makonzedwe ochiritsira, miyalayi imagawidwa m'magulu anayi, ndipo njira yopangira miyala imachokera pansi mpaka pamwamba, yoyamba ikuluikulu kenako yaying'ono.
Ubale pakati pa kukula kwa tinthu tazosefera ndi kutalika kodzaza
Chiŵerengero cha kutalika kwa bedi la fyuluta ndi kukula kwa tinthu ting'onoting'ono tosefera ndi 800 mpaka 1 000 (mapangidwe apangidwe).Kukula kwa tinthu ting'onoting'ono kwa zinthu zosefera kumagwirizana ndi kusefera kolondola
Multimedia fyuluta
Zosefera zamitundu yambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza madzi, zodziwika bwino ndi izi: fyuluta ya anthracite-quartz sand-magnetite, activated carbon-quartz sand-magnetite filter, activated carbon-quartz sand filter, quartz sand-ceramic filter Dikirani.
Zinthu zazikulu zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa pamapangidwe a fyuluta ya multimedia fyuluta ndi:
1. Zida zosefera zosiyana zimakhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kachulukidwe kuti zitsimikizire kuti chodabwitsa cha zigawo zosakanikirana sizidzachitika pambuyo pa kusokonezeka kwa backwashing.
2. Sankhani zinthu zosefera malinga ndi cholinga chopangira madzi.
3. The tinthu kukula amafuna kuti tinthu kukula m'munsi fyuluta zakuthupi ndi ang'onoang'ono kuposa tinthu kukula chapamwamba fyuluta zakuthupi kuonetsetsa mphamvu ndi ntchito zonse za m'munsi fyuluta zakuthupi.
M'malo mwake, kutenga bedi lazithunzi zitatu mwachitsanzo, gawo lapamwamba la zinthu zosefera lili ndi kukula kwakukulu kwa tinthu ndipo limapangidwa ndi zinthu zosefera zopepuka zokhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono, monga anthracite ndi activated carbon;wosanjikiza wapakati wa zinthu zosefera ali ndi kukula kwa tinthu tating'ono komanso kachulukidwe kakang'ono, kamene kamapangidwa ndi mchenga wa quartz;Zosefera zimakhala ndi zosefera zolemera zokhala ndi tinthu tating'ono kwambiri komanso kachulukidwe kakang'ono kwambiri, monga maginito.Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kusiyana kwa kachulukidwe, kusankha kwa zinthu zosefera zamitundu itatu yosanjikiza media kumakhazikika.Zosefera zapamwamba zimagwira ntchito ngati kusefera kolimba, ndipo zosefera zapansi zapansi zimagwira ntchito yosefera bwino, kotero kuti bedi la multimedia fyuluta limagwira ntchito bwino, ndipo mtundu wamadzimadzi umakhala wabwinoko kuposa pamenepo. a single-wosanjikiza zosefera zinthu bedi.Pamadzi akumwa, kugwiritsa ntchito anthracite, resin ndi zosefera zina ndizoletsedwa.
Zosefera mchenga wa Quartz
Sefa ya mchenga wa quartz ndi fyuluta yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mchenga wa quartz ngati zosefera.Iwo akhoza bwino kuchotsa inaimitsidwa zolimba m'madzi, ndi zoonekeratu kuchotsa zotsatira pa colloids, chitsulo, organic kanthu, mankhwala, manganese, mabakiteriya, mavairasi ndi zoipitsa zina m'madzi.
Lili ndi ubwino wa kukana kutsekemera kwazing'ono, malo akuluakulu enieni, asidi amphamvu ndi kukana kwa alkali, kukana kwa okosijeni, PH yogwiritsira ntchito 2-13, kukana kuipitsidwa kwabwino, ndi zina zotero. zakuthupi ndi fyuluta Mapangidwe a fyuluta amazindikira ntchito yodzisinthira yokha ya fyuluta, ndipo zosefera zimakhala ndi mphamvu zosinthika ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi aiwisi, zikhalidwe zogwirira ntchito, njira yochiritsira kale, ndi zina zotero. Zakunyalala zimatsimikizika, ndipo zosefera zimamwazika kwathunthu pakutsuka msana, ndipo kuyeretsa kwake ndikwabwino.
Fyuluta yamchenga ili ndi zabwino zake zosefera mwachangu, kusefera kwakukulu, komanso mphamvu yayikulu yolowera.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumagetsi, zamagetsi, zakumwa, madzi apampopi, mafuta amafuta, mafakitale opanga mankhwala, zitsulo, nsalu, kupanga mapepala, chakudya, dziwe losambira, uinjiniya wa tauni ndi madzi ena opangira, madzi apanyumba, madzi obwezerezedwanso ndi madzi otayira.
Fyuluta yamchenga ya quartz ili ndi mawonekedwe osavuta, kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito, kutulutsa kwakukulu, nthawi zocheperako zobwerera m'mbuyo, kusefa kwakukulu, kukana kutsika, komanso magwiridwe antchito ndi kukonza bwino.
Zosefera za kaboni
Zosefera ndizo activated carbon, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa mtundu, fungo, chlorine yotsalira ndi organic matter.Njira yake yayikulu ndi kutsatsa.Activated carbon ndi adsorbent yokumba.
Zosefera za kaboni zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popangira madzi am'nyumba ndi madzi m'makampani azakudya, makampani opanga mankhwala, mphamvu zamagetsi ndi mafakitale ena.Chifukwa activated carbon imakhala ndi pore yopangidwa bwino komanso malo okulirapo, imakhala ndi mphamvu yolumikizira zinthu zomwe zimasungunuka m'madzi, monga benzene, phenolic compounds, ndi zina zotere. Zoyipa monga chroma, fungo, surfactants, zotsukira zopangira ndi zina. utoto umachotsedwa bwino.Mlingo wochotsa plasma wa granular activated carbon kwa Ag^+, Cd^2+ ndi CrO4^2- m'madzi ndi woposa 85%.[3] Pambuyo podutsa pa bedi lopangidwa ndi mpweya wa carbon, zolimba zomwe zimayimitsidwa m'madzi zimakhala zosakwana 0.1mg/L, kuchotsera kwa COD nthawi zambiri kumakhala 40% ~ 50%, ndipo klorini yaulere imakhala yosakwana 0.1mg/L.
Njira yotsuka msana
The backwashing wa fyuluta makamaka amatanthauza kuti pambuyo fyuluta ntchito kwa nthawi inayake, wosanjikiza zinthu zosefera amasunga ndi kuyamwa kuchuluka kwa sundries ndi madontho, amene amachepetsa khalidwe la utsi wa fyuluta.Ubwino wa madzi umasokonekera, kusiyana kwapakati pakati pa mapaipi olowera ndi kutulutsa kumawonjezeka, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, kuthamanga kwa fyuluta imodzi kumachepa.
Mfundo yotsuka kumbuyo: madzi akuyenda mozungulira amadutsa muzitsulo zosefera, kotero kuti fyulutayo imakula ndikuyimitsa, ndipo fyulutayo imatsukidwa ndi mphamvu yometa ubweya wa madzi othamanga ndi kugundana kwa tinthu ting'onoting'ono. kuti dothi mu fyuluta wosanjikiza analekanitsidwa ndi kutulutsidwa ndi backwash madzi.
Kufunika kotsuka msana
(1) Panthawi yosefera, zolimba zomwe zimayimitsidwa m'madzi osaphika zimasungidwa ndikutsatiridwa ndi zosefera zomwe zimasanjikiza mosalekeza muzosefera, kotero kuti pores wa fyuluta wosanjikiza amatsekedwa pang'onopang'ono ndi dothi, ndi keke ya fyuluta. amapangidwa pamwamba pa fyuluta wosanjikiza, kusefa mutu madzi.Zotayika zikuchulukirachulukira.Pakafika malire ena, zosefera ziyenera kutsukidwa, kuti gawo la fyuluta lithe kubwezeretsa ntchito yake yogwira ntchito ndikupitiriza kugwira ntchito.
(2) Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kutayika kwa mutu wamadzi pakusefera, mphamvu yakumeta ubweya wamadzi oyenda padothi yomwe imayikidwa pamwamba pa zosefera imakhala yokulirapo, ndipo tinthu tating'onoting'ono timasunthira kuzinthu zosefera pansi madzi oyenda, omwe pamapeto pake adzayambitsa nkhani yoyimitsidwa m'madzi.Pamene zinthu zikuchulukirachulukira, madziwo amawonongeka.Pamene zonyansa zimalowa mu fyuluta wosanjikiza, fyuluta imataya zotsatira zake zosefera.Chifukwa chake, pamlingo wina, zinthu zosefera zimayenera kutsukidwa kuti zibwezeretse mphamvu zogwirira ntchito zosefera.
(3) Chinthu choyimitsidwa m'chimbudzi chimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zamoyo.Kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali mu fyuluta wosanjikiza kumabweretsa kulemeretsa ndi kuberekana kwa mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono mu fyuluta wosanjikiza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa anaerobic.Zosefera zimayenera kutsukidwa nthawi zonse.
Kuwongolera kwa parameter ya backwash ndi kutsimikiza
(1) Kutupa kutalika: Pakutsuka msana, pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti particles zakuthupi zosefera zili ndi mipata yokwanira kuti dothi lituluke mofulumira kuchokera ku fyuluta wosanjikiza ndi madzi, mlingo wowonjezera wa fyuluta wosanjikiza uyenera kukhala wokulirapo.Komabe, pamene chiwerengero cha kukula ndi chachikulu kwambiri, chiwerengero cha particles mu zosefera pa voliyumu voliyumu amachepetsa, ndipo mwayi kugunda tinthu nawonso wachepetsedwa, kotero si bwino kuyeretsa.Zosefera zosanjikiza kawiri, kuchuluka kwakukula ndi 40%—-50%.Zindikirani: Panthawi yopangira, kutalika kwa kudzaza ndi kutalika kwa zinthu zosefera kumawunikiridwa mwachisawawa, chifukwa panthawi yanthawi yotsuka m'mbuyo, padzakhala kutayika kapena kuvala kwa zinthu zosefera, zomwe ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa.Chosanjikiza chokhazikika chokhazikika chimakhala ndi zotsatirazi: kuonetsetsa kukhazikika kwa madzi osefedwa komanso zotsatira za backwashing.
(2) Kuchuluka ndi kupanikizika kwa madzi otsuka kumbuyo: Pazofunika zopangira mapangidwe, mphamvu yamadzi osamba kumbuyo ndi 40 m3 / (m2 • h), ndipo kuthamanga kwa madzi osamba kumbuyo ndi ≤0.15 MPa.
(3) Kuthamanga kwa mpweya wa backwash ndi kupanikizika: mphamvu ya backwash air ndi 15 m / (m • h), ndipo kuthamanga kwa mpweya wobwerera kumbuyo ndi ≤0.15 MPa.Zindikirani: Panthawi yotsuka msana, mpweya wobwerera kumbuyo umasonkhanitsidwa pamwamba pa fyuluta, ndipo zambiri ziyenera kutulutsidwa kudzera mu valve yotulutsa mabowo awiri.pakupanga tsiku ndi tsiku.Ndikofunikira kuyang'ana patency ya valve yotulutsa mpweya nthawi zambiri, yomwe imadziwika kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa ufulu wa mpira wa valve mmwamba ndi pansi.
Gasi-madzi kuphatikiza backwash
(1) Muzimutsuka ndi mpweya poyamba, ndiyeno backwash ndi madzi: choyamba, kuchepetsa mlingo wa madzi fyuluta 100 mm pamwamba pa pamwamba pa fyuluta wosanjikiza, lolani mpweya kwa mphindi zingapo, ndiyeno backwash ndi madzi.Ndizoyenera zosefera zokhala ndi kuipitsidwa kolemera pamwamba komanso kuipitsidwa kopepuka kwamkati.
Zindikirani: Vavu yofananira iyenera kutsekedwa m'malo mwake;mwinamwake, pamene mlingo wa madzi umatsikira pansi pa pamwamba pa fyuluta wosanjikiza, gawo lapamwamba la fyuluta silidzalowetsedwa ndi madzi.Panthawi ya kusokonezeka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono, dothi silingatulutsidwe bwino, koma limapita mozama muzosefera.suntha.
(2) Kusamba m'mbuyo kwa mpweya ndi madzi: Madzi otsuka mpweya ndi madzi amadyetsedwa nthawi imodzi kuchokera kumunsi kwa static fyuluta wosanjikiza.Mpweya umapanga thovu lalikulu mumchenga wosanjikiza panthawi yokwera, ndipo umasanduka thovu ting'onoting'ono ukakumana ndi zosefera.Ili ndi scrubbing kwenikweni pamwamba pa zosefera;backwashing madzi pamwamba kumasula wosanjikiza fyuluta, kuti zinthu fyuluta ndi inaimitsidwa boma, amene ndi opindulitsa kwa mpweya scrubbing zinthu fyuluta.Zotsatira zowonjezera za madzi otsuka kumbuyo ndi mpweya wa backwash zimayikidwa pa wina ndi mzake, zomwe zimakhala zamphamvu kuposa pamene zimachitidwa okha.
Zindikirani: Kuthamanga kwa madzi a backwash ndi kosiyana ndi kuthamanga kwa backwash ndi mphamvu ya mpweya.Chisamaliro chiyenera kuperekedwa ku dongosolo loletsa madzi osamba kumbuyo kuti asalowe mupaipi ya mpweya.
(3) Pambuyo pa kutsukidwa kwamadzi ophatikizana ndi mpweya kumatsirizidwa, siyani kulowa mu mpweya, sungani madzi omwewo akusamba mmbuyo, ndikupitiriza kusamba kwa 3 min mpaka 5 min, mpweya wotsalira mu fyuluta bedi ukhoza kuchotsedwa.
Ndemanga: Mutha kulabadira mawonekedwe a valve yotulutsa mabowo awiri pamwamba.
Kusanthula Zomwe Zimayambitsa Kuwumitsa Zinthu Zosefera
(1) Ngati dothi atsekeredwa pamwamba pamwamba pa fyuluta wosanjikiza sangathe bwino kuchotsedwa mkati mwa nthawi inayake, mu wotsatira ndondomeko backwashing, ngati kugawa kwa backwashing mpweya si yunifolomu, kukula kukula adzakhala wosagwirizana.Kupukuta kwa mpweya wotsuka, kumene kuthamanga kwapakati kumakhala kochepa, zonyansa monga mafuta odzola pamwamba pa zosefera sizingachotsedwe bwino.Pambuyo pa kusefera kotsatira kwamadzi komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, katundu wamba amawonjezeka, zonyansa zimamira kuchokera pamwamba kupita mkati, ndipo ma pellets amawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono.zazikulu, ndipo nthawi yomweyo ziwonjezeke pakudzaza kwa fyuluta mpaka fyuluta yonseyo italephera.
Ndemanga: M'ntchito yeniyeni, chodabwitsa cha mpweya wosagwirizana ndi backwash nthawi zambiri zimachitika, makamaka chifukwa cha kuphulika kwa chitoliro chogawa mpweya pansi, kutsekeka kapena kuwonongeka kwa kapu ya fyuluta yam'deralo, kapena kupindika kwa grid chubu.
(2) Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tosefera pamwamba pa fyulutayo ndi yaying'ono, pali mwayi wochepa wogundana wina ndi mnzake pakutsuka kumbuyo, ndipo kuthamanga kwake ndi kochepa, kotero sikophweka kuyeretsa.Mchenga wophatikizidwa ndi wosavuta kupanga timipira tating'ono tamatope.Pamene fyuluta wosanjikiza asinthidwanso pambuyo pa kutsukidwa msana, mipira yamatope imalowa m'munsi mwa zinthu zosefera ndikupita kukuya pamene mipira yamatope ikukula.
(3) Mafuta amene ali m’madzi osaphika amatsekeredwa m’sefa.Pambuyo posambitsa msana ndi gawo lotsalira, limadziunjikira pakapita nthawi, chomwe ndi chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimatsogolera kuuma kwa zinthu zosefera.Pamene kuchita backwashing angadziŵike malinga ndi khalidwe madzi makhalidwe yaiwisi yaiwisi ndi zofunika za effluent khalidwe, ntchito mfundo monga kuchepa mutu, effluent khalidwe kapena kusefera nthawi.
Kusamala pakukonza zosefera ndi njira zovomerezeka
(1) Kulolerana kofanana pakati pa chotulutsira madzi ndi mbale ya fyuluta kuyenera kukhala kosaposa 2 mm.
(2) Kukula ndi kusagwirizana kwa mbale ya fyuluta zonse ndizochepera ± 1.5 mm.Kapangidwe ka mbale fyuluta utenga bwino lonse processing.Pamene m'mimba mwake wa silinda ndi yaikulu, kapena zoletsedwa ndi zipangizo, zoyendera, etc., awiri lobed splicing angagwiritsidwenso ntchito.
(3) Chithandizo choyenera cha zigawo zolumikizana za mbale ya fyuluta ndi silinda ndizofunikira kwambiri pa ulalo wa backwashing air.
① Kuti muthetse kusiyana kwa ma radial pakati pa mbale ya fyuluta ndi silinda chifukwa cha zolakwika pakukonza mbale ya fyuluta ndi kugudubuza kwa silinda, mbale ya mphete ya arc nthawi zambiri imakhala yotsekedwa ndi gawo.Mbali zolumikizana ziyenera kukhala zowotcherera kwathunthu.
②Njira yochizira yochotsa chitoliro chapakati ndi mbale zosefera ndizofanana pamwambapa.
Ndemanga: Zomwe zili pamwambazi zikuwonetsetsa kuti kusefera ndi kubweza kumbuyo kumangoperekedwa kudzera mumpata pakati pa kapu ya fyuluta kapena chitoliro chotulutsa mpweya.Pa nthawi yomweyi, kugawidwa kofanana kwa ma backwashing ndi kusefa njira kumatsimikiziridwa.
(4) Kulakwitsa kwa radial kumabowo opangidwa pa mbale ya fyuluta ndi ± 1.5 mm.Kuwonjezeka kwa kukula kwa kokwanira pakati pa ndodo yolondolera ya kapu ya fyuluta ndi bowo la zosefera sikoyenera kuyika kapena kukonza kapu ya fyuluta.Kupanga m'mabowo kuyenera kuchitidwa ndi makina. ...
(5) Zinthu za kapu ya fyuluta, nayiloni ndiye yabwino kwambiri, yotsatiridwa ndi ABS.Chifukwa cha zinthu zosefera zomwe zawonjezeredwa kumtunda, katundu wa extrusion pa kapu ya fyuluta ndi yayikulu kwambiri, ndipo mphamvu imafunika kuti ikhale yokwera kuti ipewe kuwonongeka.Malo olumikizirana (apamwamba ndi apansi) a kapu ya fyuluta ndi mbale yosefera ayenera kuperekedwa ndi zotanuka mphira.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-20-2022