Njira zopewera ndikuchepetsa kuwotcherera zimayenera kuganizira kamangidwe ka njira yowotcherera ndikuthana ndi kusiyanasiyana kwanyengo yotentha ndi yozizira panthawi yowotcherera.Kutsitsa sikungathetsedwe, koma kumatha kuwongoleredwa.Pali njira zingapo zochepetsera shrinkage deformation.
1 Osawotcherera kwambiri
Chitsulo chochuluka chikadzadza mu weld, mphamvu yowonongeka idzapangidwira.Kukula kolondola kwa weld sikungotenga mapindikidwe ang'onoang'ono, komanso kupulumutsa zinthu zowotcherera komanso nthawi.Kuchuluka kwa chitsulo chowotcherera kuti mudzaze chowotcherera kuyenera kukhala kochepa, ndipo chowotchereracho chiyenera kukhala chathyathyathya kapena chopingasa pang'ono.Kuwotcherera zitsulo sikudzawonjezera mphamvu.M'malo mwake, zidzawonjezera mphamvu yocheperako ndikuwonjezera kuwotcherera.
2 Kuwotcherera mosalekeza
Njira ina yochepetsera kudzaza kwa weld ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito kuwotcherera kwapakatikati.Mwachitsanzo, pakuwotcherera mbale zolimbitsa, kuwotcherera kwapakatikati kumatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kudzazidwa ndi 75%, ndikuwonetsetsanso mphamvu yofunikira.
3. Chepetsani ndime yowotcherera
The kuwotcherera ndi waya coarse ndi zodutsa zochepa ali ndi mapindikidwe ang'onoang'ono kuposa kuwotcherera ndi waya woonda ndi zambiri amadutsa.Pankhani ya maulendo angapo, kuchepa komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi chiphaso chilichonse kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa weld shrinkage.Monga momwe tikuwonera pachithunzichi, kuwotcherera komwe kumakhala ndi ma pass ochepa komanso ma elekitirodi wandiweyani kumakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino kuposa zomwe zimakhala ndi ma pass angapo komanso ma elekitirodi owonda.
Zindikirani: Njira yowotcherera ya waya wokulirapo, kuwotcherera pang'ono kapena waya wabwino, kuwotcherera kwamitundu yambiri kumatengera zinthuzo.Nthawi zambiri, chitsulo chochepa cha carbon, 16Mn ndi zipangizo zina ndizoyenera waya wovuta komanso kuwotcherera pang'ono.Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chitsulo chokwera mpweya ndi zinthu zina ndizoyenera waya wabwino komanso kuwotcherera ma pass-mipikisano
4. Tekinoloje yotsutsa-deformation
Pindani kapena kupendekera mbali zina mbali ina ya kuwotcherera kolowera musanayambe kuwotcherera (kupatula kuwotcherera kwa invert kapena kuwotcherera koyima).Kuchulukirachulukira kwa reverse deformation kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi mayeso.Kuyimilira, kukonza, kapena kulalikira mbali zowotcherera ndi njira yachidule yochepetsera nkhawa zowotcherera pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamakina.Pamene workpiece ikonzedweratu, kusinthika kumachitika komwe kumapangitsa kuti workpiece ikhale yotsutsana ndi kupsinjika kwa weld shrinkage.The preset mapindikidwe pamaso kuwotcherera kuthetsedwa ndi mapindikidwe pambuyo kuwotcherera, kupanga kuwotcherera workpiece ndege yabwino.
Njira ina yodziwika bwino yochepetsera mphamvu yopingasa ndiyo kuyika zowotcherera zomwezo motsutsana ndi wina ndi mnzake ndikumangirira pamodzi.Njira imeneyi angagwiritsidwenso ntchito chisanadze kupinda, kumene mphero anaika mu malo oyenera workpiece pamaso clamping.
Owotcherera apadera olemetsa amatha kutulutsa mphamvu yofunikira chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwawo kapena malo a ziwalo wina ndi mnzake.Ngati mphamvu zofananirazi sizipangidwa, njira zina zimafunikira kuti muchepetse mphamvu yazinthu zowotcherera kuti mukwaniritse cholinga choletsana.Mphamvu yoyezera imatha kukhala mphamvu ina yocheperako, mphamvu yomangirira yamakina yopangidwa ndi kukhazikika, mphamvu yomangirira yosonkhanitsira ndikuwotcherera motsatizana zigawo, mphamvu yomangira yopangidwa ndi mphamvu yokoka.
5 Kuwotcherera Kutsata
Malinga ndi kapangidwe ka workpiece kudziwa wololera msonkhano zinayendera, kuti kapangidwe ka workpiece mu malo omwewo kufota.Mphepete mwa mbali ziwiri imatsegulidwa mu workpiece ndipo shaft, kuwotcherera kwamitundu yambiri kumatengedwa, ndipo ndondomeko yowotcherera ya mbali ziwiri imatsimikiziridwa.Kuwotcherera kwapakatikati kumagwiritsidwa ntchito muzowotcherera za fillet, ndipo kuchepa kwa weld woyamba kumayenderana ndi kuchepa kwa weld yachiwiri.Chokhazikikacho chimatha kugwira chogwirira ntchito pamalo omwe mukufuna, kukulitsa kulimba komanso kuchepetsa kuwotcherera.Njira imeneyi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwotcherera yaing'ono workpiece kapena zigawo zing'onozing'ono, chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kuwotcherera kupsyinjika, okha oyenera dongosolo pulasitiki otsika mpweya zitsulo.
6 Chotsani mphamvu yocheperako mukawotcherera
Percussion ndi njira yothanirana ndi kuwotcherera shrinkage, monga kuzirala kwa weld.Kugogoda kumapangitsa kuti weld achuluke komanso kukhala woonda, motero amachotsa kupsinjika (elastic deformation).Komabe, pogwiritsira ntchito njirayi, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti muzu wa weld sungagwedezeke, zomwe zingapangitse ming'alu.Nthawi zambiri, kugunda sikungagwiritsidwe ntchito pazowotcherera zophimba.
Chifukwa, chivundikirocho chikhoza kukhala ndi ming'alu ya weld, kukhudza kuzindikira kwa weld, kuumitsa.Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo ndikochepa, ndipo palinso nthawi zina zomwe zimafuna kugogoda pamadutsa angapo osanjikiza (kupatula kuwotcherera pansi ndi kuwotcherera) kuti athetse vuto la kupunduka kapena ming'alu.Kuchiza kutentha ndi imodzi mwa njira zochotsera mphamvu ya shrinkage, kulamulira kutentha kwakukulu ndi kuzizira kwa workpiece;Nthawi zina yemweyo workpiece kubwerera kumbuyo clamping, kuwotcherera, ndi chikhalidwe aligning kuthetsa nkhawa, kuti workpiece yotsalira nkhawa ndi kochepa.
6. Chepetsani nthawi yowotcherera
Kuwotcherera kumatulutsa kutentha ndi kuziziritsa, ndipo zimatenga nthawi kusamutsa kutentha.Chifukwa chake, nthawi yanthawiyo imakhudzanso ma deformation.Ambiri, ndi zofunika kutsiriza kuwotcherera posachedwapa pamaso zambiri za workpiece ndi mkangano ndi kukodzedwa.kuwotcherera ndondomeko, monga mtundu ndi kukula kwa elekitirodi, kuwotcherera panopa, kuwotcherera liwiro ndi zina zotero zimakhudza mlingo wa shrinkage ndi mapindikidwe wa kuwotcherera workpiece.Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zowotcherera zamakina kumachepetsa nthawi yowotcherera komanso kuchuluka kwa mapindikidwe omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kutentha.
Chachiwiri, njira zina zochepetsera kuwotcherera mapindidwe
1 chipika chozizirira madzi
Njira zambiri zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera kuwotcherera kwa ma welder apadera.Mwachitsanzo, mu kuwotcherera pepala woonda, kugwiritsa ntchito midadada utakhazikika madzi kumatha kuchotsa kutentha kwa workpiece welded.Chitoliro chamkuwa chimawotcherera pazitsulo zamkuwa powotchera kapena kuwotchera, ndipo chitolirocho chimakhazikika pozungulira kuti chichepetse kuwotcherera.
2 Wedge block positioning plate
"Positioning mbale" ndi mphamvu kulamulira kuwotcherera mapindikidwe zitsulo mbale butt kuwotcherera luso, monga momwe chithunzi.Mapeto amodzi a mbale yoyikirapo amawotchedwa pa mbale ya chogwirira ntchito, ndipo mbali ina ya mpheroyo imayikidwa mu mbale yosindikizira.Ma mbale angapo oyika amatha kukonzedwanso kuti asungidwe ndikuyika mbale yachitsulo yowotcherera.
3. Kuchotsa kupsinjika kwa kutentha
Pokhapokha muzochitika zapadera, kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kuti muchotse kupanikizika si njira yolondola, iyenera kuchitidwa musanagwiritse ntchito workpiece kuti muteteze kapena kuchepetsa kuwotcherera.
Tkubisa, Mapeto
Kuti muchepetse kukopa kwa kuwotcherera ndi kupsinjika kotsalira, mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kutsatiridwa popanga ndi kuwotcherera chogwirira ntchito:
(1) Palibe kuwotcherera kwambiri;(2) Kuwongolera malo a workpiece;(3) Gwiritsani ntchito kuwotcherera kosalekeza momwe mungathere, koma ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira;(4) Ang'ono momwe angathere kuwotcherera phazi kukula;(5) Powotcherera polumikizira poyera, kuchuluka kwa kuwotcherera kwa olowa kuyenera kuchepetsedwa, ndipo poyambira pawiri kuyenera kuganiziridwa kuti m'malo mwa njira imodzi;(6) Mipikisano wosanjikiza ndi Mipikisano chiphaso kuwotcherera ayenera anatengera mmene ndingathere m'malo limodzi wosanjikiza ndi mayiko awiri kuwotcherera.Tsegulani kuwotcherera kolowera mbali ziwiri pa chogwirira ntchito ndi kutsinde, tengerani kuwotcherera kwamitundu ingapo, ndikuwonetsetsa momwe kuwotcherera mbali ziwiri;(7) Mipikisano wosanjikiza zochepa chiphaso kuwotcherera;(8) Khalani otsika kutentha athandizira kuwotcherera ndondomeko, kutanthauza apamwamba kusungunuka ndi liwiro kuwotcherera mofulumira;(9) Choyikacho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chogwirira ntchito pamalo owotcherera opangidwa ndi ngalawa.Sitima zoboola pakati kuwotcherera udindo angagwiritse ntchito lalikulu awiri waya ndi mkulu maphatikizidwe mlingo kuwotcherera ndondomeko;(10) Momwe ndingathere mu workpiece a neutralization kutsinde anapereka kuwotcherera, ndi symmetrical kuwotcherera;(11) Momwe ndingathere mwa ndondomeko yowotcherera ndi kuyika kuwotcherera kuti apange kutentha kofanana kufalikira;(12) kuwotcherera kwa unconstrained malangizo a workpiece;(13) Gwiritsani ntchito zida, zida ndi mbale zoyikira kuti musinthe ndikuyika.(14) Prebend workpiece kapena preposition chowotcherera olowa mbali ina ya mgwirizano.(15) Osiyana kuwotcherera ndi kuwotcherera okwana malinga ndi ndondomeko, kuwotcherera akhoza kusunga bwino kuzungulira neutralization kutsinde.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-19-2022