Kuzirikana Kuvura Ubushyuhe Mubishushanyo mbonera

Gusudira ibice byingenzi, gusudira ibyuma bivanze no gusudira ibice byibyimbye byose bisaba gushyuha mbere yo gusudira.Ibikorwa by'ingenzi byo gushyushya mbere yo gusudira ni ibi bikurikira:

.Muri icyo gihe, urwego rwo gukomera kwa weld hamwe na zone yibasiwe nubushyuhe buragabanuka, kandi kurwanya imvururu zifatanije zasizwe neza.

(2) Gushyushya birashobora kugabanya guhangayika.Ubushuhe bumwe bwibanze cyangwa ubushuhe muri rusange birashobora kugabanya itandukaniro ryubushyuhe (bizwi kandi nkubushyuhe bwa gradient) hagati yimirimo igomba gusudira ahantu ho gusudira.Muri ubu buryo, kuruhande rumwe, impungenge zo gusudira ziragabanuka, kurundi ruhande, umuvuduko wo gusudira uragabanuka, bikaba byiza kwirinda gusudira.

(3) Gushyushya birashobora kugabanya kubuza imiterere gusudira, cyane cyane kubuza kuzuza ingingo.Hamwe n'ubwiyongere bw'ubushyuhe bwo gushyuha, impanuka ziragabanuka.

Guhitamo ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe hamwe nubushyuhe bwa interpass ntabwo bifitanye isano gusa nubumara bwimiti yibyuma na electrode, ahubwo bifitanye isano nuburemere bwimiterere yo gusudira, uburyo bwo gusudira, ubushyuhe bwibidukikije, nibindi, bigomba kugenwa nyuma yo kubisuzuma neza ibintu.

Byongeye kandi, uburinganire bwubushyuhe bwo gushyuha mubyerekezo byubugari bwurupapuro rwicyuma hamwe nuburinganire muri zone yo gusudira bigira uruhare runini mukugabanya imihangayiko yo gusudira.Ubugari bwa preheating yaho bugomba kugenwa hakurikijwe kubuza akazi ko gusudira.Mubisanzwe, bigomba kuba inshuro eshatu ubugari bwurukuta ruzengurutse agace kegereye, kandi ntigomba kuba munsi ya mm 150-200.Niba ubushyuhe butari bumwe, aho kugabanya imihangayiko yo gusudira, bizongera impungenge zo gusudira.

Hariho intego eshatu zo kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira: gukuraho hydrogène, gukuraho imihangayiko yo gusudira, kunoza imiterere yo gusudira no gukora muri rusange.

Kuvura nyuma ya weldrogenation bivura bivuga ubushyuhe bwo hasi bwubushyuhe bwakozwe nyuma yo gusudira birangiye kandi gusudira ntibyakonje kugeza munsi ya 100 ° C.Ibisobanuro rusange ni ugushyushya 200 ~ 350 ℃ ukabika amasaha 2-6.Igikorwa nyamukuru cyo kuvura hydrogène nyuma yo gusudira ni ukwihutisha ihunga rya hydrogène mu karere k’ubushuhe n’ubushyuhe, ibyo bikaba bifite akamaro kanini mu gukumira ibice byo gusudira mu gihe cyo gusudira ibyuma bito bito.

Mugihe cyo gusudira, kubera kudahuza ubushyuhe no gukonjesha, hamwe no gukumira cyangwa gukumira hanze yikintu ubwacyo, guhangayikishwa no gusudira bizahora bibyara mubice nyuma yumurimo wo gusudira urangiye.Kubaho kwingutu yo gusudira mubice bizagabanya ubushobozi nyabwo bwo kwifata bwahantu hasuditswe, bitera ihinduka rya plastike, ndetse biganisha no kwangirika kwikintu mubihe bikomeye.

Guhangayikishwa no kugabanya ubushyuhe ni ukugabanya imbaraga zumusaruro wakazi wasuditswe ku bushyuhe bwinshi kugirango ugere ku ntego yo kugabanya imihangayiko yo gusudira.Hariho uburyo bubiri bukunze gukoreshwa: bumwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ni ukuvuga ko gusudira byose bishyirwa mu ziko rishyushya, bigashyuha buhoro buhoro ubushyuhe runaka, hanyuma bikabikwa mugihe runaka, amaherezo bikonjeshwa mukirere cyangwa mu itanura.

Muri ubu buryo, 80% -90% byingutu yo gusudira birashobora kuvaho.Ubundi buryo ni ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ni ukuvuga gushyushya gusa gusudira hamwe nakarere kawukikije, hanyuma gukonjesha buhoro, kugabanya agaciro kimpanuka yibibazo byo gusudira, bigatuma igabanywa ryikigereranyo risa neza, kandi bikuraho igice cyo guhagarika gusudira.

Nyuma yo gusudira ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe byuma bisobekeranye, ingingo zabo zisudutse zizagaragara nkimiterere ikomeye, izangiza imiterere yubukorikori bwibikoresho.Byongeye kandi, iyi miterere ikomereye irashobora gutuma habaho gusenya ingingo mugikorwa cyo gusudira hamwe na hydrogen.Nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe, imiterere ya metallografiya yingingo iratera imbere, plastike nubukomezi bwurugingo rwasuditswe biratera imbere, kandi nuburyo bwimikorere yubukanishi bwibihuru byatejwe imbere.

Kuvura Dehydrogenation ni ugukomeza gushyuha mugihe runaka mubushyuhe bwa dogere 300 kugeza 400.Ikigamijwe ni ukwihutisha guhunga hydrogène mu ruganda rusudutse, kandi ingaruka zo kuvura dehydrogenation ni nziza kuruta iz'ubushyuhe buke nyuma yo gushyuha.

Nyuma yo gusudira no kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira, kuvura nyuma yo gushyushya no kuvura dehydrogenation nyuma yo gusudira ni imwe mu ngamba zifatika zo gukumira ubukonje bukabije mu gusudira.Amazi ya hydrogène aterwa no kwegeranya hydrogène muri pass-pass nyinshi no gusudira ibice byinshi byo gusya ibyapa byimbitse bigomba kuvurwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kuvanaho hydrogène hagati ya 2 kugeza kuri 3.

Kuzirikana Kuvura Ubushyuhe Mubishushanyo mbonera

Gutekereza ku Gushyushya Ubushyuhe mu gishushanyo cya Vessel Igishushanyo mbonera cyo kuvura Ubushyuhe, nkuburyo gakondo kandi bunoze bwo kunoza no kugarura imitungo yicyuma, burigihe ni ihuriro ridakomeye mugushushanya no gukora imiyoboro yumuvuduko.

Imiyoboro y'ingutu irimo ubwoko bune bwo kuvura ubushyuhe:

Kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira (kuvura ubushyuhe bwo kugabanya ubushyuhe);kuvura ubushyuhe kugirango utezimbere ibintu bifatika;kuvura ubushyuhe kugirango ugarure ibintu bifatika;nyuma yo gusudira hydrogène yo gukuraho.Icyibandwaho hano ni ukuganira kubibazo bijyanye no kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira, bikoreshwa cyane mugushushanya imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi.

1. Ese icyuma cya austenitis kitagira ibyuma gikenera kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira?Kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira ni ugukoresha igabanywa ryumusaruro wibikoresho byicyuma ku bushyuhe bwinshi kugirango habeho umuvuduko wa plastike ahantu hahangayitse cyane, kugirango ugere ku ntego yo gukuraho impungenge zisigaye zo gusudira, no kuri icyarimwe gishobora Kunoza plastike nubukomere bwingingo zasuditswe hamwe nubushuhe bwibasiwe nubushyuhe, kandi bikongerera ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ruswa.Ubu buryo bwo kugabanya imihangayiko bukoreshwa cyane mubyuma bya karubone, ibyuma byumuvuduko ukabije wibyuma bifite umubiri wa cubic kristal.

Imiterere ya kristu yububiko bwa austenitike idafite ibyuma ni cubic-isura.Kubera ko ibikoresho byuma byububiko bushingiye kumaso kububiko bwa kirisiti ifite indege zinyerera kuruta kubice bishingiye kumubiri, byerekana gukomera no kunaniza ibintu.

Byongeye kandi, mugushushanya imiyoboro yumuvuduko, ibyuma bitagira umwanda akenshi byatoranijwe kubwimpamvu ebyiri zo kurwanya ruswa kandi byujuje ibisabwa bidasanzwe byubushyuhe.Byongeye kandi, ibyuma bidafite ingese bihenze ugereranije nicyuma cya karubone nicyuma gike cyane, kubwibyo urukuta rwacyo ntiruzaba rurerure cyane.umubyimba.

Kubwibyo, urebye umutekano wibikorwa bisanzwe, nta mpamvu yo gukenera ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira kubikoresho byumuvuduko wicyuma cya austenitis.

Kubijyanye na ruswa bitewe no gukoresha, ihungabana ryibintu, nko kwangirika guterwa nuburyo budasanzwe nkumunaniro, umutwaro, ingaruka, nibindi, biragoye kubitekerezaho muburyo busanzwe.Niba ibi bihe bihari, abakozi ba siyansi na tekiniki bireba (nka: gushushanya, gukoresha, ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi nibindi bice bifitanye isano) bakeneye gukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse, ubushakashatsi bugereranya, kandi bakazana gahunda ishoboka yo kuvura ubushyuhe kugirango barebe ko byuzuye imikorere ya serivisi yubwato bwingutu ntabwo bugira ingaruka.

Bitabaye ibyo, niba bikenewe hamwe nibishoboka byo kuvura ubushyuhe kubikoresho byumuvuduko wicyuma cya austenitike bitasuzumwe neza, akenshi ntibishoboka gukora gusa ibisabwa byo kuvura ubushyuhe bwibyuma bya austenitike bitagereranywa nicyuma cya karubone nicyuma gito.

Mubisanzwe bigezweho, ibisabwa kugirango ubushyuhe bwa post-weld bwo kuvura ibyuma bya austenitike bidafite ibyuma birasobanutse neza.Biteganijwe muri GB150: “Keretse niba byavuzwe ukundi mu bishushanyo, imitwe y'ibyuma ya austenitike ikonje ntishobora gukorerwa ubushyuhe”.

Kubijyanye no kuvura ubushyuhe bikorwa mubindi bihe, birashobora gutandukana ukurikije imyumvire yabantu batandukanye.Muri GB150 hateganijwe ko kontineri n'ibigize ingufu zayo byujuje kimwe mu bikurikira kandi bigomba kuvurwa ubushyuhe.Ingingo ya kabiri n'iya gatatu ni: “Ibikoresho bifite ruswa ishobora kwangirika, nk'ibikoresho birimo gaze ya peteroli ya peteroli, amoniya y'amazi, n'ibindi.”na “Ibikoresho birimo itangazamakuru rifite ubumara bukabije cyangwa bukabije”.

Biteganijwe gusa muri byo: “Keretse niba byavuzwe ukundi mu bishushanyo, ingingo zisudira z'ibyuma bya austenitike zidafite ingese ntizishobora kuvurwa ubushyuhe”.

Uhereye kurwego rwimvugo isanzwe, iki cyifuzo kigomba kumvikana nkibintu byinshi bitandukanye byashyizwe kumurongo wambere.Ibihe byavuzwe haruguru icya kabiri nicyagatatu ntibishobora byanze bikunze kubamo.

Muri ubu buryo, ibisabwa kugirango habeho ubushyuhe nyuma yubushyuhe bwo kuvura ibyuma byumuvuduko wibyuma bya austenitike birashobora kugaragazwa muburyo bwuzuye kandi neza, kugirango abashushanya bashobora guhitamo niba nuburyo bwo gushyushya uburyo bwo kuvura ibyuma byumuvuduko wibyuma bya austenitike ukurikije uko ibintu bimeze.

Ingingo ya 74 y’igitabo cya 99 cy '“Amabwiriza y’ubushobozi” igira iti: “Ibyuma bya Austenitike bitagira umuyonga cyangwa ibyuma by’icyuma bidafite ingufu muri rusange ntibisaba kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira.Niba hakenewe kuvurwa ubushyuhe kugira ngo bishoboke, bigomba kwerekanwa ku gishushanyo. ”

2. Gutunganya ubushyuhe bwibikoresho biturika bitarimo ibyuma bitwikiriye ibyuma byerekana ibyuma biturika cyane kandi bikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byubwato bwumuvuduko kubera guhangana kwangirika kwinshi, guhuza imbaraga za mashini no gukora neza.Ibibazo byo kuvura ubushyuhe bigomba no kumenyeshwa abashushanya ubwato.

Icyerekezo cya tekiniki abashushanya ubwato bashyira mugaciro muburyo bwo guhuza ibice ni igipimo cyacyo cyo guhuza, mugihe ubushyuhe bwo kuvura panne compteur bufatwa nkibintu bike cyane cyangwa bigomba gusuzumwa nubuziranenge bwa tekiniki nababikora.Inzira yo guturika ibyuma bigize ibice ni inzira yo gukoresha ingufu hejuru yicyuma.

Mubikorwa byumuvuduko wihuse, ibikoresho byose bigongana nibintu fatizo bitagoranye, kandi mugihe cyindege yindege, intera igizwe na zigzag igizwe hagati yicyuma cyambaye nicyuma fatizo kugirango igere kubufatanye hagati ya atome.

Icyuma fatizo nyuma yo guturika guturika gikorerwa inzira ikomeye.

Nkigisubizo, imbaraga zingana σb ziyongera, igipimo cya plastike kigabanuka, kandi umusaruro wimbaraga σs ntabwo bigaragara.Yaba ibyuma bya Q235 cyangwa 16MnR, nyuma yo gutunganya ibisasu hanyuma ukagerageza imiterere yubukanishi, byose byerekana imbaraga zavuzwe haruguru.Ni muri urwo rwego, isahani yambaye titanium-icyuma hamwe na plaque ya nikel-ibyuma bisaba ko isahani yambarwa ikoreshwa n’ubushyuhe bwo kugabanya ubushyuhe nyuma y’ibintu biturika.

Igitabo cya 99 cy '“ubushobozi bwo gupima” nacyo gifite amabwiriza asobanutse kuri ibi, ariko nta mabwiriza nk'aya ashyirwaho ku byapa biturika bitagira umuyonga.

Mubipimo ngenderwaho bya tekiniki bigezweho, ikibazo cyo kumenya niba nuburyo bwo gushyushya kuvura icyuma cya austenitike kitagira ibyuma nyuma yo gutunganya ibisasu ntigisobanutse neza.

GB8165-87 “Icyuma Cyuma Cyuma Cyuma” giteganya: “Dukurikije amasezerano hagati y’uwabitanze n’umuguzi, ashobora no gutangwa mu gihe gishyushye cyangwa mu gihugu gishyuha.”Gutangwa kuringaniza, gutema cyangwa gukata.Bisabwe, ubuso bushobora guhurizwa hamwe, gutwarwa cyangwa gutoneshwa, kandi birashobora no gutangwa mu gihe gikoreshwa n'ubushyuhe. ”

Ntaho havugwa uburyo kuvura ubushyuhe bikorwa.Impamvu nyamukuru yibi bibazo iracyari ikibazo kimaze kuvugwa mukarere gakanguriwe aho ibyuma bya austenitike bidafite ibyuma bitanga ruswa.

GB8547-87 “Isahani yuzuye icyuma cya Titanium” iteganya ko uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe bwo kugabanya ubushyuhe bwo kuvura ubushyuhe bwa plaque ya titanium:Kandi ubu bushyuhe buri mubukangurambaga bwubushyuhe bwa austenitis ibyuma bitagira umwanda (400 ℃ –850 ℃).

Kubwibyo, biragoye gutanga amabwiriza asobanutse kubijyanye no gutunganya ubushyuhe bwibikoresho biturika bitagira ibyuma.Ni muri urwo rwego, abashushanya ubwato bwingutu bagomba kumva neza, kwitondera bihagije, no gufata ingamba zijyanye.

Mbere ya byose, 1Cr18Ni9Ti ntigomba gukoreshwa mubyuma bidafite ingese, kuko ugereranije na karuboni nkeya ya austenitike idafite ibyuma 0Cr18Ni9, ibirimo karubone biri hejuru, ubukangurambaga burashoboka cyane, kandi kurwanya kurwanya ruswa kwangirika.

Byongeye kandi, mugihe icyombo cyumuvuduko nigitereko cyumutwe bikozwe mubintu biturika bya austenitike ibyuma bitagira ibyuma bikoreshwa mubihe bibi, nka: umuvuduko ukabije, ihindagurika ryumuvuduko, hamwe nibitangazamakuru byangiza cyane, 00Cr17Ni14Mo2.Ultra-low carbone austenitike idafite ibyuma bigabanya amahirwe yo gukangurira.

Ibisabwa byo gutunganya ubushyuhe bwibikoresho bigomba gushyirwa imbere, kandi uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe bugomba kugenwa hifashishijwe inama n’impande zombi, kugira ngo tugere ku ntego yuko ibikoresho fatizo bifite umubare munini w’ibikoresho bya pulasitiki kandi ibikoresho byose bifite bisabwa kurwanya ruswa.

3. Ubundi buryo bushobora gukoreshwa mugusimbuza ubushyuhe rusange bwibikoresho?Bitewe n’imiterere y’imiterere y’uruganda no gutekereza ku nyungu z’ubukungu, abantu benshi bakoze ubushakashatsi ku bundi buryo bwo gusimbuza ubushyuhe rusange bw’imiyoboro y’umuvuduko.Nubwo ubu bushakashatsi ari ingirakamaro kandi bufite agaciro, ariko kuri ubu ntabwo nabwo busimbura uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe rusange bwimitsi.

Ibisabwa mu kuvura ubushyuhe bwuzuye ntabwo byorohewe mubipimo byemewe.Muburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura ubushyuhe muri rusange, mubisanzwe ni: kuvura ubushyuhe bwaho, uburyo bwo ku nyundo kugirango ukureho ibisigazwa byo gusudira, uburyo bwo guturika kugirango ukureho imyanda isigaye hamwe nuburyo bwo kunyeganyega, uburyo bwo kwiyuhagira amazi ashyushye, nibindi.

Kuvura ubushyuhe bwigice: Biteganijwe muri 10.4.5.3 ya GB150-1998 "Ibikoresho byumuvuduko wibyuma": "B, C, D ingingo zasuditswe, Ubwoko bwo gusudira buhuza umutwe wa sereferi na silinderi hamwe nibice byo gusana bifite inenge biremewe gukoresha kuvura ubushyuhe igice.Uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe. ”Aya mabwiriza asobanura ko uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe bwaho butemewe kurwego rwo mu cyiciro cya A gusudira kuri silinderi, ni ukuvuga: ibikoresho byose ntibyemewe gukoresha uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe bwaho, imwe mumpamvu nuko impungenge zo gusudira zisigaye zidashobora kuba Byakuweho.

Uburyo bwo ku nyundo bukuraho gusudira gusigara gusigara: ni ukuvuga, binyuze mu nyundo y'intoki, guhangayikishwa no kumurika hejuru y’urugingo rwasuditswe, bityo bikuraho igice kibi ingaruka ziterwa no guhagarika umutima.

Ihame, ubu buryo bufite ingaruka zimwe na zimwe zo kubuza gukumira ihungabana.

Ariko, kubera ko nta bipimo byerekana umubare nuburyo bukomeye bwo gukora mubikorwa bifatika, kandi umurimo wo kugenzura kugereranya no gukoresha ntabwo uhagije, ntabwo byemejwe nubusanzwe.

Uburyo bwo guturika kugirango ukureho impungenge zisigaye zo gusudira: Igisasu gikozwe muburyo bwihariye bwa kaseti, kandi urukuta rwimbere rwibikoresho rufatiye hejuru yumutwe wasuditswe.Uburyo ni bumwe nuburyo bwo ku nyundo kugirango bukureho gusudira gusigara.

Bavuga ko ubu buryo bushobora kuzuza bimwe mubitagenda neza muburyo bwo ku nyundo kugirango bikureho ibibazo byo gusudira.Nyamara, ibice bimwe byakoresheje uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe hamwe nuburyo bwo guturika kugirango bikureho gusudira gusigara kubigega bibiri bya LPG bibitse hamwe nuburyo bumwe.Nyuma yimyaka, ubugenzuzi bwo gufungura tanki bwasanze ingingo zasuditswe zambere zidahwitse, mugihe ingingo zasuditswe zikigega cyabitswe zifite imbaraga zisigaye zavanyweho nuburyo bwo guturika bwerekanaga ibice byinshi.Muri ubu buryo, uburyo bwo guturika bwamamaye kugirango ukureho gusudira gusigara guceceka.

Hariho ubundi buryo bwo gusudira ibisigisigi byoroheje, bitatewe nimpamvu zinyuranye zitemewe ninganda zubwato.Mu ijambo rimwe, muri rusange kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yubushuhe bwibikoresho byumuvuduko (harimo no kuvura ubushyuhe buke mu itanura) bifite ibibi byo gukoresha ingufu nyinshi nigihe kinini cyigihe, kandi gihura ningorane zitandukanye mubikorwa bifatika bitewe nibintu nka imiterere yubwato bwumuvuduko, ariko buracyari inganda zumuvuduko wubu.Uburyo bwonyine bwo gukuraho gusudira gusigara gusigaye byemewe muri byose.