Ibyago byumutekano wa reaktor nibi bikurikira…

Mu myaka yashize, impanuka zimeneka, umuriro n’ibisasu bya reaktor byagaragaye kenshi.Kubera ko reakteri iba yuzuyemo imiti yangiza kandi yangiza, ingaruka zimpanuka zirakomeye kuruta impanuka rusange yaturikiye.

Akaga kihishe k'umutekano wa reaktor ntigashobora kwirengagizwa

Indobo ya reaction isobanura icyiciro cya reaction hamwe nigikoresho gikurura.Ukurikije igitutu gisabwa muriki gikorwa, reaction yimiti irashobora gukorwa mugihe cyo gufungura, gufunga, umuvuduko usanzwe, igitutu cyangwa igitutu kibi.

Mubikorwa byo gutunganya no guhuza ibicuruzwa biva mu miti, umutekano wa reaktor hamwe n’ibidukikije byahakorerwa ni ngombwa cyane.Mu myaka yashize, impanuka yaturitse ya reaktori yatewe n'uburangare yatumye uruganda rukora imiti rukanguka.Bisa nkibikoresho bifite umutekano, niba bishyizwe muburyo budakwiye kandi bidafite ubuziranenge, nabyo bizatera impanuka zumutekano.

Ibyago byumutekano wa reaktor nibi bikurikira:

Kugaburira amakosa

Niba umuvuduko wo kugaburira wihuta cyane, igipimo cyo kugaburira ntikigenzurwa, cyangwa uko kugaburira bikurikiranye nabi, reaction yihuse irashobora kubaho.Niba gukonjesha bidashobora guhurizwa hamwe, gukusanya ubushyuhe bizashiraho, bigatuma ibintu byangirika igice cyumuriro, bikavamo reaction yihuse yibintu hamwe na gaze nyinshi yangiza.Habaye igisasu.

umuyoboro

Iyo ugaburira, kubisanzwe byumuvuduko ukabije, niba umuyoboro wumuyaga udafunguye, mugihe pompe ikoreshwa mugutwara ibintu byamazi mumasafuriya, igitutu cyiza kiba cyoroshye mumasafuriya, byoroshye gutera imiyoboro ihuza ibikoresho. kumeneka, kandi kumeneka kw'ibikoresho bishobora gutera igikomere ku giti cyawe.Gutwika impanuka.Iyo gupakurura, niba ibikoresho biri mu isafuriya bidakonje ku bushyuhe bwagenwe (muri rusange bisabwa kuba munsi ya 50 ° C), ibikoresho ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru biroroshye kwangirika kandi biroroshye gutera ibikoresho kumeneka no gutwika umukoresha.

gushyushya vuba

Bitewe n'umuvuduko ukabije w'ubushyuhe, umuvuduko muke hamwe n'ingaruka mbi y'ibikoresho biri mu isafuriya, birashobora gutuma ibikoresho biteka, bigakora uruvange rw'imyuka n'ibice by'amazi, kandi bikabyara umuvuduko.Ibice hamwe nubundi buryo bwo gutabara igitutu bishyira mubikorwa kugabanya igitutu no gukubita.Niba ibikoresho byo gukubita bidashobora kugera ku ngaruka zo kugabanya umuvuduko ukabije, birashobora guteza impanuka iturika yumubiri wicyayi.

Sana ubushyuhe

Mugihe cyo gutunganya ibikoresho biri mu isafuriya, niba gusudira amashanyarazi, ibikorwa byo gufata gazi bikorwa bitabaye ngombwa ko hafatwa ingamba zifatika zo gukumira, cyangwa ibishashi biterwa no gufunga ibyuma hamwe n’ibikoresho by'icyuma, iyo ibikoresho byacitse kandi biturika bimaze guhura, birashobora gutera umuriro no guturika.ACCIDENT.

Kubaka ibikoresho

Igishushanyo kidafite ishingiro cya reaktor, ibikoresho bidahagarikwa imiterere nuburyo, imiterere idahwitse yo gusudira, nibindi, bishobora gutera guhangayika;guhitamo ibikoresho bidakwiye, ubudodo budashimishije mugihe cyo gukora kontineri, hamwe no gufata ubushyuhe budakwiye birashobora kugabanya ubukana bwibikoresho;igikonoshwa cya kontineri Umubiri wangiritse nibitangazamakuru byangirika, imbaraga ziragabanuka cyangwa ibikoresho byumutekano birabura, nibindi, bishobora gutuma kontineri iturika mugihe cyo kuyikoresha.

Kwitwara neza

Imiti myinshi yimiti, nka okiside, chlorine, nitrasi, polymerisiyasi, nibindi, ni reaction zidasanzwe.Niba reaction itagenzuwe cyangwa ihuye n’umuriro utunguranye cyangwa umuriro w’amazi, ubushyuhe bwa reaction buzegeranya, kandi ubushyuhe n’umuvuduko muri reaktora bizamuka cyane.Kurwanya umuvuduko wacyo birashobora gutuma kontineri iturika.Ibikoresho bisohoka mu guturika, bishobora gutera impanuka y'umuriro no guturika;iturika rya keteti ya reaction itera imiterere iringaniye yumuvuduko wumwuka wibintu byangirika, kandi amazi adashyushye adahindagurika azatera ibisasu bya kabiri (guturika kwamazi);Umwanya uzengurutse isafuriya utwikiriwe nigitonyanga cyangwa imyuka y’amazi yaka, kandi guturika 3 (guturika gazi ivanze) bizabaho mugihe byaturutse.

Impamvu nyamukuru zitera guhunga ni: ubushyuhe bwa reaction ntabwo bwakuweho mugihe, ibikoresho bya reaction ntibyatatanye neza kandi ibikorwa byari bibi.

Ibikorwa Byizewe

Kugenzura kontineri

Buri gihe ugenzure ibintu bitandukanye nibikoresho bya reaction.Niba hari ibyangiritse bibonetse, bigomba gusimburwa mugihe.Bitabaye ibyo, ingaruka zo gukora ubushakashatsi nta bumenyi ntizishoboka.

Guhitamo igitutu

Witondere kumenya agaciro kihariye gasabwa nubushakashatsi, hanyuma uhitemo igipimo cyumwuga kugirango ukore ikizamini murwego rwemewe.Bitabaye ibyo, igitutu kizaba gito cyane kandi ntikizuzuza ibisabwa na reaction yubushakashatsi.Birashoboka cyane ko bishobora guteza akaga.

Urubuga rwubushakashatsi

Imyitwarire yumubiri na chimique ntishobora gukorwa muburyo busanzwe, cyane cyane reaction ziterwa numuvuduko mwinshi, zifite ibisabwa cyane kurubuga rwubushakashatsi.Kubwibyo, mugikorwa cyo gukora igerageza, urubuga rwubushakashatsi rugomba gutoranywa ukurikije ibisabwa byikizamini.

isuku

Witondere isuku ya autoclave.Nyuma ya buri igeragezwa, rigomba gusukurwa.Mugihe harimo umwanda, ntutangire igeragezwa utabiherewe uburenganzira.

therometero

Mugihe cyo gukora, therometero igomba gushyirwa mubwato bwa reaction muburyo bukwiye, bitabaye ibyo, ntabwo ubushyuhe bwapimwe gusa buzaba butari bwo, ariko kandi ubushakashatsi burashobora kunanirwa.

ibikoresho by'umutekano

Mbere yubushakashatsi, genzura neza ibikoresho byose byumutekano, cyane cyane valve yumutekano, kugirango umenye umutekano wubushakashatsi.Byongeye kandi, ibyo bikoresho byumutekano wa reaktor nabyo bigenzurwa buri gihe, bigasanwa kandi bikabungabungwa.

kanda

Umuvuduko ukabije wumuvuduko ukenera igipimo cyumuvuduko wihariye, kandi guhitamo muri rusange ni igipimo cyerekana umuvuduko wa ogisijeni.Niba uhisemo guhitamo igipimo cyumuvuduko wizindi myuka, birashobora gutera ingaruka zidasanzwe.

EimbabaziResponseMbyoroshye

1 Ubwiyongere bwihuse bwubushyuhe bwumuvuduko nigitutu ntibishobora kugenzurwa

Iyo ubushyuhe bwumusaruro nigitutu byiyongereye vuba kandi ntibishobora kugenzurwa, funga vuba ibintu byose byinjira;guhita ureka kubyutsa;funga vuba icyuka (cyangwa amazi ashyushye) icyuma gishyushya, hanyuma ufungure amazi akonje (cyangwa amazi akonje) akonje;fungura vuba vuba valve;Mugihe umuyaga uhumeka hamwe nubushyuhe hamwe nigitutu bikomeje kutagenzurwa, fungura vuba valve isohoka munsi yibikoresho kugirango uta ibikoresho;mugihe ubuvuzi bwavuzwe haruguru butagize icyo bugeraho kandi no gusohora valve yo hasi yo gusohora ntibishobora kurangira mugihe gito, menyesha bidatinze abakozi ba posita kwimura ikibanza.

2 Umubare munini wibintu byangiza kandi byangiza byasohotse

Iyo ibintu byinshi bifite uburozi kandi byangiza bisohotse, hita umenyesha abakozi babakikije kwimura ikibanza mu cyerekezo cyo hejuru;byihuse wambare umwuka mwiza wubuhumekero kugirango ufunge (cyangwa ufunge) valve yangiza kandi yangiza;mugihe ubumara bwibintu byangiza kandi byangiza bidashobora gufungwa, menyesha vuba icyerekezo cyamanutse (Cyangwa ibyumweru bine) ibice nabakozi kugirango batatanye cyangwa bafate ingamba, hanyuma utere imiti ivura ukurikije ibimenyetso bifatika byo kwinjiza, kuyungurura no kuvura.Hanyuma, shyiramo isuka kugirango uyijugunye neza.

3 Umubare munini wibintu byaka kandi biturika byasohotse

Iyo ibintu byinshi byaka kandi biturika bitemba, wambare umwuka mwiza wumuhumekero byihuse kugirango ufunge (cyangwa ufunge) valve yaka kandi iturika;mugihe icyuma cyaka kandi giturika kidashobora gufungwa, menyesha vuba abakozi bakikije (cyane cyane kumanuka) guhagarika umuriro ugurumana hamwe nibikorwa nibikorwa bikunda kwibasirwa, kandi bihita bihagarika ibindi bicuruzwa cyangwa ibikorwa hirya no hino, kandi nibishoboka, wimuke kandi ushire. ibisasu biturika ahantu hizewe kugirango bajugunywe.Iyo imyuka ya gaze imaze gutwikwa, valve ntigomba gufungwa byihuse, kandi hagomba kwitonderwa kugirango hirindwe kugaruka hamwe nubunini bwa gaze bugera kumupaka kugirango biturike.

4. Hita umenya icyateye uburozi mugihe abantu bakomeretse

Iyo abantu bakomeretse, icyateye uburozi kigomba guhita kimenyekana kandi kigakemurwa neza;iyo uburozi buterwa no guhumeka, umuntu ufite uburozi agomba kwimurwa vuba mumyuka mwiza mu cyerekezo cyo hejuru.Niba uburozi bukomeye, ohereza mubitaro gutabara;niba uburozi buterwa no kuribwa, kunywa amazi ashyushye ahagije, gutera kuruka, cyangwa kwangiza amata cyangwa umweru w'igi, cyangwa gufata ibindi bintu kugirango bikure;niba uburozi buterwa nuruhu, hita ukuramo imyenda yanduye, kwoza n'amazi menshi atemba, hanyuma ushakire kwa muganga;iyo umuntu ufite uburozi ahagaritse guhumeka, kora vuba guhumeka;iyo umutima wuburozi uhagaritse gukubita, kora vuba igitutu cyintoki kugirango ukure umutima;mugihe uruhu rwumubiri wumuntu rwatwitswe ahantu hanini, hita ukaraba n'amazi menshi Sukura hejuru yaka, kwoza muminota 15, kandi witondere kutagira ubukonje nubukonje, hanyuma uhite ubyohereza mubitaro kwivuza nyuma guhindura imyenda idahumanya.