Nzira dzekudzivirira uye kuderedza welding deformation dzinofanira kufunga welding process dhizaini uye kukunda kusiyanisa kwekupisa uye kutonhora kutenderera panguva yewelding.Shrinkage haigone kubviswa, asi inogona kudzorwa.Pane nzira dzakawanda dzekudzikisa shrinkage deformation.
1 Usave weld yakawandisa
Iyo yakawanda simbi yakazadzwa mu weld, iyo yakakura iyo deformation simba ichagadzirwa.Saizi chaiyo yeweld haingogone kuwana madiki welding deformation, asi zvakare chengetedza welding zvinhu uye nguva.Kuwanda kwesimbi yekuzadza weld kunofanirwa kuve kushoma, uye weld inofanirwa kuve yakati sandara kana zvishoma convex.Yakawandisa welding simbi haizowedzere simba.Pane zvinopesana, ichawedzera shrinkage simba uye kuwedzera welding deformation.
2 Discontinuous weld
Imwe nzira yekudzikisa huwandu hwekuzadza weld ndeye kushandisa yakawanda inopindirana welding.Semuenzaniso, kana welding yakasimbiswa mahwendefa, intermittent welding inogona kuderedza huwandu hwekuzadza weld ne75%, ukuwo uchisimbisa simba rinodiwa.
3. Deredza weld ndima
Iyo welding ine tambo yakakora uye mashoma mapasi ane diki deformation pane welding newaya yakatetepa uye akawanda anopfuura.Panyaya yekupfuura kwakawanda, iyo shrinkage inokonzerwa nekupfuura yega yega inowedzera kuwedzera iyo yakazara weld shrinkage.Sezvinoonekwa kubva pamufananidzo, iyo welding process ine mashoma mapasi uye gobvu electrode ine mhedzisiro iri nani pane iyo ine akawanda anopfuura uye matete electrode.
Ongorora: Iyo welding process ye coarse waya, shoma pass welding kana waya yakanaka, multi-pass welding zvinoenderana nechinhu.Kazhinji, yakaderera kabhoni simbi, 16Mn uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakakodzerwa newaya yakakasharara uye zvishoma kudarika welding.Simbi isina tsvina, yakakwira kabhoni simbi uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakakodzerwa newaya yakanaka uye yakawanda-pass welding
4. Anti-deformation teknolojia
Bend kana kurereka zvikamu zvakatarisana neyakapesana neye welding deformation usati welding (kunze kwekupinza welding kana vertical welding).Iyo preset huwandu hwe reverse deformation inofanirwa kutemerwa nebvunzo.Prebending, presetting, kana prearching welded parts inzira iri nyore yekupedza stress yewelding uchishandisa reverse mechanical forces.Kana iyo workpiece isati yagadzirirwa, deformation inoitika iyo inoita kuti workpiece ive yakatarisana neiyo weld shrinkage kushushikana.Iyo preset deformation isati yewelding inodzima kunze neiyo deformation mushure mekugadzira, ichiita welding workpiece ive ndege yakanaka.
Imwe nzira yakajairwa yekuenzanisa simba rekupokana ndeyekuisa mawelder mamwechete kune mumwe nemumwe uye kuabatanidza pamwechete.Iyi nzira inogonawo kushandiswa kumberi-kupeta, uko wedge inoiswa munzvimbo yakakodzera yeworkpiece isati yasunga.
Special heavy-duty welders inogona kuburitsa inodiwa chiyero simba nekuda kwekuoma kwavo kana chinzvimbo chezvikamu kune mumwe nemumwe.Kana aya masimba ekuenzanisa akasagadzirwa, dzimwe nzira dzinodiwa kuenzanisa shrinkage simba rewelding zvinhu kuti zvizadzise chinangwa chekudzima.Simba rekuenzanisa rinogona kuva rimwe simba rekudzikisa, mechanical binding force inoumbwa nefixture, kusunga simba regungano uye welding kutevedzana kwezvikamu, simba rekubatanidza rinoumbwa negiravhiti.
5 Welding Sequence
Zvinoenderana nechimiro cheiyo workpiece kuona inonzwisisika kutevedzana kwegungano, kuitira kuti chimiro cheiyo workpiece munzvimbo imwechete inoderera.Kaviri-sided groove inovhurwa muworkpiece uye shaft, yakawanda-layer welding inogamuchirwa, uye iyo kaviri-sided welding sequence inotemerwa.Kuputika kwepakati kunoshandiswa mune fillet welds, uye shrinkage mukutanga weld inofananidzwa ne shrinkage mune yechipiri weld.Iyo gadziriso inogona kubata iyo workpiece munzvimbo yaunoda, ichiwedzera kuomarara uye kuderedza welding deformation.Iyi nzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuputika kwediki workpiece kana zvikamu zviduku, nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekushushikana kwesimbi, yakakodzera chete kuumbwa kwepurasitiki yesimbi yakaderera kabhoni.
6 Bvisa shrinkage simba mushure mekugadzira
Percussion inzira yekurwisa weld shrinkage, sezvakaita weld kutonhora.Kubata kuchaita kuti weld iwedzere uye iite mutete, nokudaro kubvisa kushushikana (elastic deformation).Zvisinei, kana uchishandisa nzira iyi, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mudzi we weld haugoni kugogodzwa, izvo zvinogona kubudisa kuputika.Kazhinji, percussion haigone kushandiswa mukuvhara welds.
Nekuti, iyo yekuvhara layer inogona kunge iine weld makatsemuka, inokanganisa weld yekuona, kuomesa maitiro.Naizvozvo, kushandiswa kwetekinoroji kunogumira, uye kune dzimwe nguva dzinoda kuti ubapire chete mu-multi-layer pass (kunze kwekunge welding yepasi uye yekuvharira welding) kugadzirisa deformation kana dambudziko rekutsemuka.Kurapa kwekupisa ndiyo imwe yenzira dzekubvisa simba re shrinkage, kudzora kupisa kwepamusoro uye kutonhora kwe workpiece;Dzimwe nguva imwechete workpiece kudzokera kumashure clamping, welding, nemamiriro ezvinhu aya ekugadzirisa kubvisa kushushikana, kuitira kuti workpiece yakasara kushushikana ishoma.
6. Deredza welding nguva
Welding inogadzira kudziyisa uye kutonhora, uye zvinotora nguva kuendesa kupisa.Naizvozvo, iyo nguva chinhu chinokanganisawo deformation.Muzhinji, zvinodikanwa kupedzisa welding nekukurumidza sezvinobvira musati wakawanda we workpiece wapisa uye wakawedzerwa.Welding process, yakadai serudzi uye saizi ye electrode, welding current, welding speed uye zvichingodaro, zvinokanganisa dhigirii rekuderera uye deformation yewelding workpiece.Kushandiswa kwemichina yekugadzira welding inoderedza nguva yewelding uye kuwanda kwe deformation inokonzerwa nekupisa.
Chechipiri, dzimwe nzira dzekudzikisa welding deformation
1 Mvura inotonhorera block
Mazhinji matekiniki anogona kushandiswa kudzora welding deformation yeakakosha welders.Semuenzaniso, mune yakaonda sheet welding, kushandiswa kwemvura-yakatonhorera zvidhinha kunogona kubvisa kupisa kwewelded workpiece.Iyo pombi yemhangura inosungirirwa kune yemhangura yekumisikidza nebrazing kana soldering, uye pombi inotonhodzwa mukutenderera kudzikisa welding deformation.
2 Wedge block positioning plate
"Positioning plate" inzira inoshanda yekudzora deformation yesimbi plate butt welding tekinoroji, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo.Imwe mugumo weplate yekumisikidza inosungirirwa pandiro yebasa rekushanda, uye imwe mugumo wewedge block inosungirirwa mundiro yekutsikirira.Multiple positioning plates inogona kurongeka kuti ichengetedze nzvimbo uye kugadzirisa kwewelding steel plate panguva yewelding.
3. Bvisa kushushikana kwekushisa
Kunze kwemuzviitiko zvakakosha, kushandiswa kwekupisa kubvisa kushushikana haisi iyo nzira yakarurama, inofanira kuitwa isati yashandiswa workpiece yakasungirirwa kudzivirira kana kuderedza welding deformation.
Third, Mhedziso
Kuti uderedze pesvedzero yewelding deformation uye kusara kunetseka, zvinotevera mapoinzi anofanirwa kutariswa kana uchigadzira uye welding workpiece:
(1) Hapana welding yakawandisa;(2) Dzora nzvimbo yebasa rekushanda;(3) Shandisa discontinuous welding sezvinobvira, asi inofanira kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira;(4) Sediki sezvinobvira welding tsoka saizi;5(6) Multi-layer uye multi-pass welding inofanira kugamuchirwa sezvinobvira kutsiva imwe-layer uye bilateral welding.Vhura kaviri-sided groove welding pane workpiece uye shaft, tora akawanda-layer welding, uye tarisa kaviri-sided welding kutevedzana;(7) multi-layer shoma pass welding;(8) Adopt yakaderera kupisa kwekuisa welding process, iyo inoreva yakakwira yekunyungudika uye nekukurumidza welding kumhanya;(9) Iyo yekumisikidza inoshandiswa kugadzira iyo workpiece muchikepe-yakaumbwa welding chinzvimbo.Chikepe-chakaita welding chinzvimbo chinogona kushandisa yakakura dhayamita waya uye yakakwira fusion rate welding process;(10) Nepazvinobvira muworkpiece's neutralization shaft set weld, uye symmetrical welding;(11) Sezvinobvira kuburikidza nekutevedzana kwewelding uye welding positioning kuita kuti kupisa kwemoto kupararira zvakaenzana;(12) Welding kune iyo isina kumanikidzwa kutungamira kweworkpiece;(13) Shandisa fixture, tooling uye positioning plate yekugadzirisa uye kuisa.(14) Prebend iyo workpiece kana preposition iyo weld yejoini mune yakatarisana nzira yekumanikana.(15) Kuparadzanisa welding uye yakazara welding zvinoenderana nekutevedzana, iyo welding inogona kuchengetedza yakaenzana yakatenderedza neutralization shaft.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-19-2022