Macnaha sifaynta, habka daaweynta biyaha, sifaynta guud ahaan waxa loola jeedaa habka lagu hayo wasakhda hakadka ah ee biyaha leh lakabka walxaha filter sida carrada quartz iyo anthracite, si biyaha loo caddeeyo.Walxaha daloola ee loo isticmaalo sifaynta waxaa loo yaqaannaa warbaahinta filter, iyo ciid quartz waa warbaahinta shaandhada ugu badan.Walxaha shaandhuhu waa granular, budo iyo fibroes.Qalabka shaandhada sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo waa ciid quartz, anthracite, kaarboon firfircoon, magnetite, garnet, ceramics, kubbado caag ah, iwm.
Filter-warbaahineed badan (sariir sifee) waa shaandheyn dhexdhexaad ah oo u adeegsata laba ama in ka badan warbaahin sida lakabka shaandhada.Nidaamka daaweynta biyaha wareega wareegga warshadaha, waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu saaro wasakhda wasakhda, saliidda adsorb, iwm, si tayada biyuhu u buuxiyaan shuruudaha dib-u-warshadaynta..Shaqada sifaynta ayaa inta badan ah in meesha laga saaro wasakhda la hakiyey ama kolloidal ee biyaha, gaar ahaan in si wax ku ool ah loo saaro walxaha yaryar iyo bakteeriyada aan lagu saari karin tignoolajiyada roobabka.BODs iyo COD sidoo kale waxay leeyihiin heer go'an oo ah saamaynta saarista.
Halbeegyada waxqabadka waxa lagu muujiyay shaxdan soo socota:
halabuurka filter
Filterka-badanaa wuxuu ka kooban yahay jirka shaandhada, tuubada taageerta iyo valve.
Jirka shaandhada inta badan waxaa ku jira qaybaha soo socda: La fududeeyay;Qaybaha qaybinta biyaha;qaybaha taageerada;Dhuumaha hawada dib-u-dhaqidda;walxaha shaandhaynta;
Salka xulashada shaandhaynta
(1) Waa inay lahaataa awood farsamo oo ku filan si ay uga fogaato daal iyo dillaac degdeg ah inta lagu jiro dib-u-dhaqashada;
(2) Xasiloonida kiimikada ayaa ka wanaagsan;
(3) Kuma jiraan walxaha waxyeelada iyo sunta ah ee caafimaadka aadanaha, kumana jiraan maaddooyinka waxyeellada u leh wax-soo-saarka oo saameeya wax-soo-saarka;
(4) Xulashada agabka shaandhada waa in ay isku dayaan in ay isticmaalaan agabka shaandhada leh awoodda xajinta, awoodda wasakhaynta sare, wax soo saarka biyaha sare iyo tayada dheecaanka wanaagsan.
Walaxda shaandhada, quruuruxdu waxay inta badan ka ciyaaraan door taageero.Inta lagu jiro habka sifeynta, sababtoo ah xooggeeda sare, farqiga xasilloon ee u dhexeeya midba midka kale, iyo daloolada waaweyn, waxay ku habboon tahay biyaha si ay u dhex maraan biyaha la sifeeyay si habsami leh habka dhaqidda wanaagsan.Sidoo kale, dib u dhaqidda Inta lagu jiro hawsha, biyaha dib-dhaqidda iyo hawo-dhaqidda ayaa si habsami leh u dhex mari kara.Qaab dhismeedka caadiga ah, dhagaxyada waxaa loo qaybiyaa afar tilmaamood, habka jeexdintu waa min hoose ilaa sare, marka hore waa weyn yahay ka dibna yar yahay.
Xiriirka ka dhexeeya cabbirka walxaha walxaha shaandhada iyo dhererka buuxinta
Saamiga dhererka sariirta shaandhada iyo celceliska cabbirka walxaha shaandhada waa 800 ilaa 1 000 (qaabaynta naqshadaynta).Cabbirka walxaha shaandhada ayaa la xidhiidha saxnaanta sifaynta
Shaandhaynta warbaahinta badan
filtarrada warbaahinta badan ee loo isticmaalo daaweynta biyaha, kuwa caadiga ah waa: anthracite-quartz sand-magnetite filter, firfircoonida carbon-quartz sand-magnetite filter, filter carbon-quartz firfircoon, filtar ciid-ceramic quartz Sug.
Qodobbada ugu muhiimsan ee lagu tixgelinayo naqshadeynta lakabka shaandhada shaandhada badan ee warbaahinta waa:
1. Qalabka shaandhada kala duwan ayaa leh farqi weyn oo cufnaanta si loo hubiyo in ifafaalaha lakabyada isku dhafan aysan dhici doonin ka dib qaska dhaqidda.
2. Dooro walxaha shaandhada si waafaqsan ujeedada wax soo saarka biyaha.
3. Cabbirka qaybuhu wuxuu u baahan yahay in xajmiga walxaha shaandhada hoose uu ka yar yahay cabbirka walxaha shaandhada sare si loo hubiyo waxtarka iyo isticmaalka buuxa ee alaabta shaandhada hoose.
Dhab ahaantii, qaadashada sariirta shaandhada saddex-lakabka ah tusaale ahaan, lakabka sare ee walxaha shaandhada ayaa leh xajmiga ugu weyn wuxuuna ka kooban yahay walxaha shaandhada iftiinka leh cufnaanta hoose, sida anthracite iyo kaarboon firfircoon;lakabka dhexe ee walxaha shaandhada ayaa leh cabbir dhexdhexaad ah iyo cufnaanta dhexdhexaadka ah, guud ahaan ka kooban ciid quartz;Shayga shaandheynta wuxuu ka kooban yahay walxo shaandheyn culus oo leh cabbirka walxaha ugu yar iyo cufnaanta ugu weyn, sida magnetite.Sababtoo ah xaddidaadda farqiga cufnaanta, xulashada walxaha shaandhada ee shaandhada warbaahinta saddex-lakabka ah ayaa asal ahaan go'an.Maaddada shaandhada sare waxay ka ciyaartaa doorka shaandhaynta qalafsan, iyo walxaha shaandhada lakabka hoose waxay ciyaaraan doorka shaandhaynta wanaagsan, si doorka sariirta shaandhada badan ee warbaahinta si buuxda u shaqeyso, tayada dareeraha ayaa iska cad inay ka fiican tahay taas. sariirta shaandhada shayga hal lakab ah.Biyaha la cabbo, isticmaalka anthracite, resin iyo warbaahinta kale ee shaandhada guud ahaan waa mamnuuc.
filter ciid Quartz
Shaandheeyaha ciidda quartz waa shaandheyn u isticmaasha ciid quartz sida walxaha shaandhada.Waxay si wax ku ool ah u tirtiri kartaa adkaha adag ee biyaha ku jira, waxayna leedahay saameyn cad oo ka saarista kolloid, birta, walxaha organic, sunta cayayaanka, manganese, bakteeriyada, fayrasyada iyo wasakhowga kale ee biyaha.
Waxay leedahay faa'iidooyinka caabbinta shaandhaynta yar yar, aag ballaaran oo gaar ah, caabbinta acid xoog leh iyo alkali, caabbinta oksaydhka, codsiga PH ee 2-13, caabbinta wasakhowga wanaagsan, iwm. alaabta iyo shaandhaynta Naqshadeynta shaandheynta ayaa ogaanaysa hawlgalka is-qabsiga ee shaandhada, iyo walxaha shaandhada ayaa leh laqabsi xooggan oo ku saabsan xoojinta biyaha ceeriin, xaaladaha hawlgalka, habka daaweynta ka hor, iwm. Xaaladaha kala duwan ee hawlgalka, tayada biyaha dareeraha wasakhda ah waa la dammaanad qaaday, walxaha shaandhada ayaa si buuxda u kala firdhiyey inta lagu jiro dib-u-dhaqashada, saamaynta nadiifinta ayaa wanaagsan.
Shaandheeyaha ciidda wuxuu leeyahay faa'iidooyinka xawaaraha sifeynta degdega ah, saxnaanta sifaynta sare, iyo awoodda dhexda ee ballaaran.Si weyn loogu isticmaalo tamarta korontada, elektiroonigga, cabitaannada, biyaha tuubada, batroolka, warshadaha kiimikada, biraha, dharka, waraaqaha, cuntada, barkada dabaasha, injineernimada dawladda hoose iyo hababka kale ee biyaha, biyaha guriga, biyaha dib loo warshadeeyay iyo meelaha biyaha wasakhda ah lagu sifeeyo.
Shaandheeyaha ciidda quartz wuxuu leeyahay sifooyin qaab-dhismeedka fudud, xakamaynta tooska ah ee hawlgalka, socodka socodsiinta weyn, waqtiyada dib u dhaqista oo yar, hufnaanta sifaynta sare, iska caabbinta hooseeya, iyo hawlgalka iyo dayactirka habboon.
Filterka kaarboonka firfircoon
Walxaha shaandheynta waa kaarboon firfircoon, kaas oo loo isticmaalo in laga saaro midabka, ur, koloriin haraaga ah iyo walxaha dabiiciga ah.Habka ugu muhiimsan ee falku waa xayeysiis.Kaarboon firfircooni waa adsorbent macmal ah.
Shaandhooyinka kaarboonka firfircoon ee firfircoon ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa diyaarinta biyaha guriga iyo biyaha ee warshadaha cuntada, warshadaha kiimikada, tamarta korantada iyo warshadaha kale.Sababtoo ah kaarboonka firfircoon wuxuu leeyahay qaab-dhismeed dalool oo si fiican u horumarsan iyo aag gaar ah oo weyn, waxay leedahay awood adsorption xoog leh oo loogu talagalay xeryahooda organic ee biyaha ku jira, sida benzene, xeryahooda phenolic, iwm. Wasakhyada sida chroma, ur, surfactants, saabuunta synthetic iyo midabada si fiican ayaa loo saaraa.Heerka saarista balaasmaha ee kaarboonka firfircoon ee granular ee Ag^+, Cd^2+ iyo CrO4^2- biyaha ayaa ka badan 85%.[3] Ka dib marka la dhex maro sariirta filtarka kaarboonka ee firfircoon, adkaha la hakiyey ee biyaha waxay ka yar yihiin 0.1mg/L, heerka saarista COD guud ahaan waa 40% ~ 50%, koloriinta bilaashka ah waxay ka yar tahay 0.1mg/L.
Habka dib u dhaqista
Dib-u-dhaqidda filtarka inta badan waxa loola jeedaa in ka dib marka shaandhada la isticmaalo muddo cayiman, lakabka walxaha filterku uu hayo oo nuugayo qaddar go'an oo sundries iyo wasakh ah, taas oo yaraynaysa tayada dareeraha shaandhada.Tayada biyuhu way sii xumaanaysaa, cadaadiska cadaadiska ee u dhexeeya tuubooyinka gelitaanka iyo ka soo baxa ayaa kordha, isla markaana, heerka qulqulka hal shaandhaynta ayaa hoos u dhacaya.
Mabda'a dib-u-dhaqidda: socodka biyuhu wuxuu si isdaba-joog ah u dhex maraa lakabka walxaha shaandhada, si lakabka shaandhada u balaadhiyo oo u hakiyo, lakabka walxaha shaandhada waxaa lagu nadiifiyaa xoogga jeexjeexa qulqulka biyaha iyo xoogga isku dhaca ee qaybaha, sidaas darteed. in wasakhda lakabka shaandhada la kala saaro oo lagu sii daayo biyaha dhabarka lagu dhaqo.
Baahida dib u dhaqidda
(1) Inta lagu jiro habka sifeynta, adkaha la hakiyey ee biyaha ceeriin waxaa lagu hayaa oo lagu dhejiyaa lakabka walxaha filterka oo si joogto ah ugu urura lakabka walxaha shaandhada, sidaas darteed daloolada lakabka shaandhada ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u xannibaya wasakh, iyo keega filter. waxaa lagu sameeyay dusha sare ee lakabka shaandhada, shaandhaynta madaxa biyaha.Khasaaraha ayaa sii kordhaya.Marka xad gaar ah la gaaro, walxaha shaandhada waxay u baahan yihiin in la nadiifiyo, si lakabka shaandhada u soo celiyo waxqabadkiisa shaqo oo uu sii wado shaqada.
(2) Sababo la xiriira kororka luminta madaxa biyaha inta lagu jiro sifeynta, xoogga jeexjeexa qulqulka biyaha ee wasakhda lagu dhajiyay dusha sare ee walxaha shaandhada ayaa noqda mid weyn, qaar ka mid ah qaybaha waxay u guuraan walxaha shaandhada hoose ee saameynta socodka biyaha, kaas oo aakhirka sababi doona arrinta hakad ku jirta ee biyaha.Marka waxa ku jira ay sii korodho, tayada biyuhu way sii xumaanaysaa.Marka wasakhdu ay gasho lakabka shaandhada, shaandhuhu wuxuu luminayaa saamayntiisa shaandhaynta.Sidaa darteed, ilaa xad, walxaha shaandhada ayaa loo baahan yahay in la nadiifiyo si loo soo celiyo awoodda haynta wasakhda lakabka walxaha shaandhada.
(3) Arrinta hakadka ku jirta ee bullaacaduhu waxay ka kooban tahay xaddi badan oo walxo dabiici ah.Ku-haynta muddada dheer ee lakabka shaandhada waxay u horseedi doontaa kobcinta iyo taranka bakteeriyada iyo noolaha ee lakabka shaandhada, taasoo keenta musuqmaasuqa anaerobic.Maaddada shaandhada waxay u baahan tahay in si joogto ah loo nadiifiyo.
Xakamaynta iyo go'aaminta halbeegga dhabar-dhaqista
(1) Dhererka bararka: Inta lagu jiro dib-u-dhaqidda, si loo hubiyo in qaybaha walxaha shaandhada ay leeyihiin dalool ku filan si wasakhda si degdeg ah looga saaro lakabka shaandhada biyo, heerka fidinta lakabka shaandhada waa inuu ahaadaa mid weyn.Si kastaba ha noqotee, marka heerka balaadhinta uu aad u weyn yahay, tirada qaybaha walxaha shaandhada ee halbeegga halbeegga ayaa hoos u dhacaya, fursadda shilalka walxaha ayaa sidoo kale la yareeyaa, sidaas darteed ma fiicna nadiifinta.Shayga shaandhada lakabka laba jibaaran, heerka balaadhinta waa 40%—-50%.Fiiro gaar ah: Inta lagu jiro hawlgalka wax soo saarka, dhererka buuxinta iyo dhererka balaadhinta walxaha shaandhada ayaa si aan kala sooc lahayn loo hubiyaa, sababtoo ah inta lagu jiro habka dib-u-dhaqidda caadiga ah, waxaa jiri doona xoogaa khasaare ah ama xirashada walxaha shaandhada, kaas oo u baahan in la buuxiyo.Lakabka shaandhada xasiloon ayaa leh faa'iidooyinka soo socda: hubinta xasilloonida tayada biyaha la sifeeyay iyo saamaynta dib-u-dhaqidda.
(2) Tirada iyo cadaadiska biyaha dib u dhaqista: Guud ahaan shuruudaha naqshadeynta, xoogga biyaha dib u dhaqista waa 40 m3 / (m2•h), cadaadiska biyaha dib u dhaqista waa ≤0.15 MPa.
(3) Mugga hawada dib-dhaqista iyo cadaadiska: xoogga hawada dib-dhaqidda waa 15 m/(m •h), cadaadiska hawada dib-dhaqidda waa ≤0.15 MPa.Fiiro gaar ah: Inta lagu jiro habka dib u dhaqista, hawada dib-u-dhaqista ee soo socota ayaa lagu ururiyaa xagga sare ee shaandhada, inteeda badanna waa in lagu sii daayaa iyada oo la marayo tuubada qiiqa laba-daloolka ah.wax soo saarka maalinlaha ah.Waa lagama maarmaan in si joogto ah loo hubiyo xajinta xadhkaha qiiqa, kaas oo inta badan lagu garto heerka xorriyadda kubbadda waalka kor iyo hoos.
Biyaha gaaska oo la isku daray dib u dhaqid
(1) Ku luqluqso hawo marka hore, ka dibna biyo ku maydh: marka hore, hoos u dhig heerka biyaha shaandhada ilaa 100 mm ka sarreeya dusha lakabka shaandhada, u daa hawo dhowr daqiiqo, ka dibna biyo ku maydh.Waxay ku habboon tahay filtarrada leh wasakhowga dusha culus iyo wasakhda gudaha ee khafiifka ah.
Fiiro gaar ah: Waalka u dhigma waa in lagu xidhaa meesha;Haddii kale, marka heerka biyuhu hoos u dhacaan dusha sare ee lakabka shaandhada, qaybta sare ee lakabka shaandhada ma geli doonaan biyo.Inta lagu jiro qaska kor iyo hoos ee qaybaha, wasakhda si wax ku ool ah looma sii dayn karo, laakiin waxay sii qoto dheeraan doontaa lakabka shaandhada.dhaqaaqid.
(2) Dib-u-dhaqidda hawada iyo biyaha ee isku-dhafan: Hawada iyo biyaha dib-u-dhaqidda ayaa isku mar laga quudiyaa qaybta hoose ee lakabka shaandhada taagan.Hawadu waxay samaysaa xumbo waaweyn lakabka ciidda inta lagu jiro habka kor u kaca, waxayna isu beddeshaa xumbo yaryar marka ay la kulanto walxaha shaandhada.Waxay leedahay saameyn xoqan oo ku taal dusha sare ee walxaha shaandhada;dib u dhaqidda dusha sare ee biyaha waxay debcisaa lakabka shaandhada, si walxaha shaandhada ay ugu jiraan xaalad hakad ah, taas oo faa'iido u leh hawada nadiifinta walxaha shaandhada.Saamaynta balaadhinta biyaha dib-u-dhaqista iyo hawada dib-u-dhaqidda ayaa midba midka kale ku kor-saaran, taas oo ka xoog badan marka la sameeyo keligood.
Fiiro gaar ah: Cadaadiska dib-dhaqidda ee biyuhu wuu ka duwan yahay cadaadiska dhabarka iyo xoojinta hawada.Waa in fiiro gaar ah loo yeesho amarka looga hortagayo in biyaha dib-u-dhaqidda ay galaan dhuumaha hawada.
(3) Ka dib marka la dhammeeyo dib-u-dhaqidda hawada-biyaha ee isku dhafan, jooji gelitaanka hawada, sii wad qulqulka biyaha dib-u-dhaqidda, oo sii wad inaad dhaqdo 3 min ilaa 5 min, goobooyin hawo ah oo ku haray sariirta shaandhada waa la saari karaa.
Fiiro gaar ah: Waxaad fiiro gaar ah u yeelan kartaa heerka tuubada qiiqa laba-dalool ee sare.
Falanqaynta Sababaha Qallafsanaanta Shayga
(1) Haddii wasakhda ku xayiran dusha sare ee lakabka shaandhada aan si wax ku ool ah looga saari karin muddo cayiman gudahood, habka dib-u-dhaqidda ee soo socota, haddii qaybinta hawada dib-u-dhaqidda aysan ahayn mid la mid ah, dhererka ballaarinta wuxuu noqon doonaa mid aan sinnayn.Ku xoqidda hawada dhaqida, halkaas oo xawliga xoqidda uu yar yahay, wasakhda sida saliidda wasakhda ee dusha sare ee walxaha shaandhada si fiican looma saari karo.Ka dib marka wareegga caadiga ah ee wareegga biyaha ee soo socda la isticmaalo, culeyska maxalliga ah ayaa kordha, wasakhdu waxay ka daadin doontaa dusha sare ee gudaha, iyo pellets ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u kordhaya.weyn, isla markaana ku fidin qoto dheeraanta buuxinta shaandhada ilaa shaandhada oo dhami ay fashilanto.
Faallooyinka: Hawlgalka dhabta ah, ifafaalaha hawada dib-u-dhaqidda ee aan sinnayn ayaa badanaa dhacda, badi ahaan sababtoo ah daloolinta tuubbada qaybinta hawada hoose, xannibaadda ama dhaawaca daboolka shaandhada maxalliga ah, ama qallafsanaanta kala fogaanshaha tuubada korantada.
(2) Qaybaha walxaha shaandhada ee dusha sare ee lakabka shaandheynta waa yar yihiin, waxaa jira fursado yar oo isku dhac ah oo midba midka kale ah inta lagu jiro dib-u-dhaqashada, xawliguna waa yar yahay, markaa ma fududa in la nadiifiyo.Qaybaha ciidda ku lifaaqan waa sahlan tahay in la sameeyo kubbado dhoobo yar yar.Marka lakabka shaandhada dib loo hagaajiyo ka dib dib-u-dhaqidda, kubbadaha dhoobada waxay galaan lakabka hoose ee alaabta shaandhada oo u guuraan moolka marka kubbadaha dhoobada ay koraan.
(3) Saliida ku jirta biyaha ceeriin waxay ku xayiran tahay shaandhada.Dib-u-dhaqidda ka dib iyo qaybta hadhaaga ah, waxay ku ururtaa wakhti ka dib, taas oo ah qodobka ugu muhiimsan ee keenaya adkeynta walxaha shaandhada.Marka dib loo dhaqo waxaa lagu go'aamin karaa iyadoo loo eegayo sifooyinka tayada biyaha ee biyaha ceeriin iyo shuruudaha tayada wasakhda, iyadoo la adeegsanayo shuruudo ay ka mid yihiin luminta madaxa xaddidan, tayada wasakhda ama wakhtiga sifaynta.
Ka taxadarida habsocodsiinta shaandhada iyo aqbalka
(1) Dulqaadka isku midka ah ee ka dhexeeya meesha biyaha laga soo saaro iyo saxanka shaandhada ayaa loo baahan yahay inaanu ka badnayn 2 mm.
(2) Sinnaan la'aanta saxanka shaandhada ayaa labaduba ka yar ± 1.5 mm.Qaab dhismeedka saxanka shaandhada ayaa qaata habka guud ee ugu fiican.Marka dhexroorka dhululubada uu weyn yahay, ama xaddido alaabta ceeriin, gaadiidka, iwm., kabidda laba-lobed sidoo kale waa la isticmaali karaa.
(3) Daawaynta macquulka ah ee qaybaha wadajirka ah ee saxanka shaandhada iyo dhululubada ayaa si gaar ah muhiim ugu ah isku xirka dib u dhaqidda hawada.
① Si loo baabi'iyo farqiga radial ee u dhexeeya saxanka shaandhada iyo dhululubo ay sababto khaladaadka habaynta saxanka shaandhada iyo rogidda dhululubada, saxanadda giraanta arc guud ahaan waa la welded qayb qayb ahaan.Qaybaha xiriirku waa inay si buuxda alxan ugu yeeshaan.
② Habka daawaynta ee nadiifinta shucaaca ee tuubada dhexe iyo saxanka shaandhaynta waxay la mid tahay tan sare.
Faallooyinka: Tallaabooyinka kore waxay xaqiijinayaan in sifeynta iyo dib-u-dhaqidda lagu sheegi karo oo keliya farqiga u dhexeeya fur filtarka ama tuubada qiiqa.Isla mar ahaantaana, isku midka ah qaybinta qaybinta dhabar-dhaqista iyo kanaalada shaandhaynta ayaa sidoo kale la dammaanad qaaday.
(4) Khaladka shucaaca ee godadka lagu rakibay saxanka shaandhada waa ± 1.5 mm.Korodhka xajmiga ku habboon ee u dhexeeya usha hagaha ee daboolka shaandhada iyo daloolka saxanka shaandhada ma aha mid ku habboon rakibidda ama hagaajinta daboolka shaandhada.Mashiinka godadka waa in loo sameeyaa si farsamaysan
(5) Maaddada daboolka shaandhada, naylon ayaa ugu fiican, oo ay ku xigto ABS.Maaddaama walxaha shaandhada lagu daray qaybta sare, culeyska ka saarista daboolka shaandhada waa mid aad u weyn, xoogna waxaa looga baahan yahay inay sare u kacdo si looga fogaado qallafsanaanta.Sagxadaha taabashada (sagxadaha sare iyo hoose) ee daboolka shaandhada iyo saxanka shaandhada waa in lagu bixiyaa caag laastikada ah.
Waqtiga boostada: Juun-20-2022