Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukuvuza, umlilo kunye neengozi zokuqhuma kwe-reactor zenzeke rhoqo.Ekubeni i-reactor isoloko izaliswe yimichiza eyityhefu kunye neyingozi, iziphumo zengozi zibi kakhulu kunengozi yokuqhuma jikelele.
Ingozi efihliweyo yokhuseleko lwe-reactor ayinakuhoywa
I-reactor ketile ibhekisa kwi-batch reactor enesixhobo esishukumisayo.Ngokoxinzelelo olufunwa yinkqubo, ukuphendulwa kweekhemikhali kunokwenziwa phantsi kweemeko ezivulekileyo, ezivaliweyo, uxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo, uxinzelelo okanye uxinzelelo olubi.
Kwimveliso kunye nenkqubo yokudibanisa iimveliso zeekhemikhali, ukhuseleko lwe-reactor kunye nokusingqongileyo kwendawo yokuvelisa kubaluleke kakhulu.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ingozi yokuqhuma kwe-reactor ebangelwa kukungakhathali inike ishishini lemichiza ukuvuka.Izinto ezibonakala zikhuselekile, ukuba zibekwe ngendlela engafanelekanga kwaye zikumgangatho ophantsi, nazo ziya kubangela iingozi zokhuseleko.
Iingozi zokhuseleko kwi-reactor zezi zilandelayo:
Impazamo yokondla
Ukuba isantya sokutya sikhawuleza kakhulu, umlinganiselo wokutya awukho kulawulo, okanye ulandelelwano lokutya luphosakele, ukusabela ngokukhawuleza kwe-exothermic kunokwenzeka.Ukuba ukupholisa akukwazi ukulungelelaniswa, ukuqokelela ubushushu kuya kubumba, okubangela ukuba izinto eziphathekayo zihlanjululwe ngokwengxenye ye-therrmally, okubangelwa ukusabela ngokukhawuleza kwezinto kunye nexabiso elikhulu legesi eyingozi.Kwenzeke ugqabhuko-dubulo.
ukuvuza kombhobho
Xa ukondla, ngenxa yokusabela koxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo, ukuba umbhobho we-vent awuvulwanga, xa ipompo isetyenziselwa ukuthutha izinto ezingamanzi kwi-kettle, uxinzelelo olulungileyo lwenziwa lula kwi-kettle, ekulula ukubangela uxhulumaniso lombhobho wezinto eziphathekayo. ukuqhekeka, kunye nokuvuza kwezinto kunokubangela ukwenzakala komntu.Ukutsha kwengozi.Xa usothulwa, ukuba izinto eziseketileni azipholiswanga kwiqondo lobushushu elichaziweyo (ifuneka ngokubanzi ukuba libe ngaphantsi kwama-50 °C), izinto ezikwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu kulula ukuwohloka kwaye kulula ukubangela ukuba izinto zitshize kwaye zitshise. umsebenzisi.
ukufudumeza ngokukhawuleza kakhulu
Ngenxa yesantya esigqithisileyo sokufudumeza, isantya esiphantsi sokupholisa kunye nesiphumo esibi semathiriyeli yeketile, kunokubangela ukuba izinto zibile, zenze umxube womphunga kunye nezigaba zolwelo, kwaye zenze uxinzelelo.Iziqwenga kunye nezinye iinkqubo zokunciphisa uxinzelelo ziphumeza uxinzelelo kunye nokubetha.Ukuba i-punching material ayikwazi ukufezekisa umphumo wokunciphisa uxinzelelo olukhawulezayo, kunokubangela ingozi yokuqhuma kwe-kettle body.
Ukulungisa kushushu
Ngexesha lenkqubo yokusabela kwezinto kwi-kettle, ukuba i-welding yombane, imisebenzi yokulondoloza ukusika igesi yenziwa ngaphandle kokuthatha amanyathelo okukhusela, okanye iintlantsi ziveliswa ngokuqiniswa kweebholithi kunye nezinto zentsimbi, xa kudibene izinto ezivuzayo ezinokutsha kunye neziqhushumbisi, bangela umlilo kunye nokudubula.INGOZI.
Ukwakhiwa kwezixhobo
Uyilo olungekho ngqiqweni lwe-reactor, ubume besixhobo esiyekiweyo kunye nemilo, i-welding ye-welding seam engafanelekanga, njl., inokubangela uxinzelelo loxinzelelo;Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezingafanelekanga, umgangatho we-welding onganelisiyo xa usenza isikhongozeli, kunye nokuphathwa kobushushu obungafanelekanga kunokunciphisa ukuqina kwezinto;Iqokobhe lesikhongozeli Umzimba ukhukuliswa yimithombo yeendaba ezidlayo, amandla ayancipha okanye izincedisi zokhuseleko azikho, njl. njl., ezinokubangela ukuba isikhongozeli siqhume ngexesha lokusetyenziswa.
Ukusabela ngaphandle kolawulo
Iimpendulo ezininzi zeekhemikhali, ezifana ne-oxidation, i-chlorination, i-nitration, i-polymerization, njl., zi-exothermic reactions.Ukuba i-reaction iphuma kulawulo okanye idibana nokuphuma kombane ngokukhawuleza okanye ukuphuma kwamanzi, ubushushu bokusabela buya kuqokelela, kwaye ubushushu kunye noxinzelelo kwi-reactor iya kunyuka ngokukhawuleza.Ukumelana noxinzelelo lwayo kunokubangela ukuba isitya sigqabhuke.Izinto eziphathekayo zikhutshwe kwi-rupture, ezinokubangela umlilo kunye nengozi yokuqhuma;ugqabhuko-dubulo lweketile yokusabela lubangela ukuba imeko yolungelelwaniso loxinzelelo lomphunga lutshatyalaliswe, kwaye ulwelo olushushu kakhulu olungazinzanga luya kubangela ukudubula kwesibini (ukudubula komphunga);Isithuba esijikeleze iketile sigqunywe ngamathontsi okanye umphunga wolwelo olunokutsha, kunye nogqabhuko-dubulo olu-3 (uqhushumbo lwerhasi exutyiweyo) luya kwenzeka kwimeko yemithombo yokutsha.
Izizathu eziphambili zempendulo yokubaleka kukuba: ukushisa okuphendulayo akuzange kususwe ngexesha, izinto zokuphendula azizange zihlakazwe ngokulinganayo kwaye umsebenzi wawungalunganga.
Imiba yokuSebenza ngokuKhuselekileyo
Ukuhlolwa komgqomo
Jonga rhoqo izikhongozeli ezahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo zokusabela.Ukuba kukho umonakalo ofunyenweyo, kufuneka utshintshwe ngexesha.Ngaphandle koko, imiphumo yokuqhuba iimvavanyo ngaphandle kolwazi ayinakucingelwa.
Ukukhetha uxinzelelo
Qinisekisa ukuba uyazi ixabiso loxinzelelo oluthile olufunwa luvavanyo, kwaye ukhethe i-gauge yoxinzelelo lobuchwephesha ukwenza uvavanyo ngaphakathi koluhlu oluvumelekileyo loxinzelelo.Ngaphandle koko, uxinzelelo luya kuba luncinci kwaye aluyi kuhlangabezana neemfuno ze-reactor yovavanyo.Kunokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba yingozi.
Indawo yovavanyo
Ukuphendulwa komzimba kunye neekhemikhali akunakwenziwa ngokungaqhelekanga, ngakumbi ukusabela phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu, ezineemfuno eziphezulu kwindawo yovavanyo.Ke ngoko, kwinkqubo yokuqhuba uvavanyo, indawo yovavanyo kufuneka ikhethwe ngokweemfuno zovavanyo.
icocekile
Nika ingqalelo ukucocwa kwe-autoclave.Emva kovavanyo ngalunye, kufuneka lucocwe.Xa kukho ukungcola kuyo, musa ukuqala umfuniselo ngaphandle kokugunyaziswa.
ithermometer
Ngethuba lokusebenza, i-thermometer kufuneka ifakwe kwisitya sokuphendula ngendlela echanekileyo, ngaphandle koko, kungekhona nje ukushisa okulinganiselweyo kuya kuba kungachanekanga, kodwa kunye novavanyo lunokusilela.
izixhobo zokhuseleko
Ngaphambi kovavanyo, jonga ngononophelo zonke iintlobo zezixhobo zokhuseleko, ngakumbi ivalve yokhuseleko, ukuze uqinisekise ukhuseleko lovavanyo.Ukongeza, ezi zixhobo zokhuseleko lwe-reactor nazo zihlolwa rhoqo, zilungiswa kwaye zigcinwe.
cofa
I-reactor ye-high-pressure idinga i-gauge ethile yoxinzelelo, kwaye ukhetho oluqhelekileyo luyigeji yoxinzelelo olunikezelwe kwi-oxygen.Ukuba ukhetha ngengozi igeyiji yoxinzelelo kwezinye iigesi, kunokubangela iziphumo ezingalindelekanga.
EunxunguphaloRimpenduloMiindawo ezilula
I-1 Ukunyuka ngokukhawuleza kobushushu bemveliso kunye noxinzelelo alukwazi ukulawulwa
Xa ubushushu bemveliso kunye noxinzelelo lukhuphuka ngokukhawuleza kwaye alukwazi ukulawulwa, vala ngokukhawuleza zonke iivalve zokungena zezinto;ngokukhawuleza yeka ukuvuselela;vala ngokukhawuleza umphunga (okanye amanzi ashushu) ivalve yokufudumeza, kwaye uvule amanzi okupholisa (okanye amanzi abandayo) ivelufa yokupholisa;vula ngokukhawuleza i-valve ye-vent;Xa i-valve yokukhupha umoya kunye nobushushu kunye noxinzelelo zisalawuleka, vula ngokukhawuleza i-valve yokukhupha phantsi kwezixhobo zokulahla izinto;xa unyango olungentla lungasebenzi kwaye ukukhutshwa kwe-valve yokukhupha ephantsi akukwazi ukugqitywa ngexesha elifutshane, ngokukhawuleza ukwazisa abasebenzi beposi ukuba baphume kwindawo.
2 Isixa esikhulu sezinto eziyityhefu neziyingozi ezivuzayo
Xa isixa esikhulu sezinto ezinobuthi kunye nezinto ezinobungozi zivuza, ngokukhawuleza yazisa abasebenzi abakufutshane ukuba bakhuphe isayithi kwicala elinyukayo;khawuleza unxibe isiphefumlo soxinzelelo olulungileyo ukuvala (okanye ukuvala) ivalve evuzayo enetyhefu neyingozi;xa ivalve yento enetyhefu neyingozi ingenakuvalwa, khawuleza yazise isalathiso se-downwind (Okanye iiveki ezine) iiyunithi kunye nabasebenzi ukuba basasazeke okanye bathathe amanyathelo okhuseleko, kwaye utshize i-arhente yonyango ngokweempawu zezinto zokufunxa, ukuhlanjululwa kunye nolunye unyango.Ekugqibeleni, gcina ukuchitheka ukuze ulahlwe ngokufanelekileyo.
3 Isixa esikhulu sezinto ezinokutsha neziqhumayo ezivuzayo
Xa isixa esikhulu sezinto ezinokutsha neziqhumayo zivuza, nxiba isiphefumli soxinzelelo olulungileyo ukuze uvale (okanye uvale) ivalve yokuvuza enokutsha kunye nesiqhushumbisi;xa ivalve evuzayo enokutsha kunye nesiqhushumbisi ingenakuvalwa, yazisa ngokukhawuleza abasebenzi abajikelezileyo (ingakumbi umoya ophantsi) ukuba bayeke Vula amadangatye kunye nemveliso kunye nemisebenzi ethambekele kwiintlantsi, kwaye uyeke ngokukhawuleza enye imveliso okanye imisebenzi ejikelezileyo, kwaye ukuba kunokwenzeka, hambisa ezinokutsha kwaye ukuvuza okuqhumayo ukuya kwindawo ekhuselekileyo yokulahlwa.Xa ukuvuza kwegesi kutshisiwe, ivalve akufanele ivalwe ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ingqwalasela kufuneka ihlawulwe ukukhusela i-flashback kunye noxinzelelo lwegesi lufikelele kumda wokudubula ukuze kubangele ukuqhuma.
4. Ngoko nangoko fumana unobangela wetyhefu xa abantu bonzakele
Xa abantu bonzakele, unobangela wetyhefu kufuneka ichongwe ngoko nangoko kwaye kujongwane nawo ngokufanelekileyo;xa ityhefu ibangelwa kukuphefumla, umntu onetyhefu ufanele afuduselwe kumoya omtsha ngokukhawuleza.Ukuba ubuthi bunzulu, yithumele esibhedlele ukuze uhlangulwe;ukuba i-poisoning ibangelwa ukungenisa, ukusela amanzi afudumeleyo okwaneleyo, ukuhlanza, okanye ukukhupha ubisi okanye iqanda elimhlophe, okanye uthathe ezinye izinto zokukhupha;ukuba i-poisoning ibangelwa ulusu, ngokukhawuleza khupha iingubo ezingcolileyo , hlambulula ngamanzi amaninzi ahambayo, kwaye ufune unyango;xa umntu onetyhefu eyeka ukuphefumla, ngokukhawuleza enze ukuphefumula okwenziweyo;xa intliziyo yomntu onetyhefu iyeka ukubetha, yenza ngokukhawuleza ucinezelo lwezandla lokususa intliziyo;xa ulusu lomzimba womntu lutshiswe kwindawo enkulu, hlamba ngokukhawuleza ngamanzi amaninzi Coca indawo etshileyo, hlambulula malunga nemizuzu eyi-15, kwaye ulumke ukuba ungagodoli kunye neqabaka, kwaye ngokukhawuleza uyithumele esibhedlele ukuze ufumane unyango emva koko. ukutshintsha iimpahla ezingangcolisi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-27-2022