Incazelo yokuhlunga, inqubo yokwelashwa kwamanzi, ukuhlunga ngokuvamile kubhekisela enqubweni yokugcina ukungcola okumisiwe emanzini ngesendlalelo sezinto zokuhlunga njengesihlabathi se-quartz ne-anthracite, ukuze amanzi akwazi ukucaciswa.Izinto ezinezimbobo ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlunga zibizwa ngokuthi i- filter media, futhi isihlabathi se-quartz siyisihlungi semidiya esivame kakhulu.Izinto zokuhlunga ziyi-granular, ziyimpuphu futhi zine-fibrous.Izinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokuhlunga isihlabathi se-quartz, i-anthracite, i-activated carbon, i-magnetite, i-garnet, i-ceramics, amabhola epulasitiki, njll.
Isihlungi semidiya eningi (umbhede wesihlungi) yisihlungi esimaphakathi esisebenzisa imidiya emibili noma ngaphezulu njengongqimba lwesihlungi.Ohlelweni lokuhlanza amanzi ajikelezayo ezimbonini, asetshenziselwa ukususa ukungcola emanzini, uwoyela we-adsorb, njll., ukuze ikhwalithi yamanzi ihlangabezane nezidingo zokugaywa kabusha..Umsebenzi wokuhlunga uwukukhipha ngokuyinhloko ukungcola okumisiwe noma okune-colloidal emanzini, ikakhulukazi ukususa ngempumelelo izinhlayiya ezincane namabhaktheriya angakwazi ukususwa ngobuchwepheshe bemvula.Ama-BOD ne-COD nawo anezinga elithile lomphumela wokukhipha.
Amapharamitha wokusebenza akhonjiswe kuthebula elilandelayo:
ukwakheka kwesihlungi
Isihlungi se-Multimedia sakhiwe ikakhulukazi umzimba wokuhlunga, ipayipi elisekelayo kanye ne-valve.
Umzimba wesihlungi uhlanganisa ikakhulukazi izingxenye ezilandelayo: Owenziwe lula;izingxenye zokusabalalisa amanzi;izingxenye zokusekela;ipayipi le-backwash air;okokuhlunga;
Isisekelo sokukhetha isihlungi
(1) Kumelwe ibe namandla anele emishini ukuze igweme ukuguga ngokushesha ngesikhathi iwashwa;
(2) Ukuzinza kwamakhemikhali kungcono;
(3) Ayiqukethe izinto eziyingozi nezinobuthi empilweni yomuntu, futhi ayiqukethe izinto eziyingozi ekukhiqizeni futhi ezithinta ukukhiqizwa;
(4) Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokuhlunga kufanele kuzanywe ukusebenzisa okokuhlunga okunamandla amakhulu okukhangisa, umthamo omkhulu wokunqamula ukungcoliswa komhlaba, ukukhiqizwa kwamanzi aphezulu kanye nezinga elihle lokugeleza kwamanzi.
Esihlungini, amatshe abamba iqhaza ngokuyinhloko.Phakathi nenqubo yokuhlunga, ngenxa yamandla ayo aphezulu, izikhala ezizinzile phakathi komunye nomunye, nama-pores amakhulu, kulula ukuthi amanzi adlule emanzini ahlungiwe ngokushelela enkambisweni yokugeza enhle.Ngokufanayo, ukuwashwa ngemuva Ngesikhathi senqubo, amanzi okugeza i-backwash nomoya we-backwash kungadlula kahle.Ekucushweni okujwayelekile, amatshe amatshe ahlukaniswe abe yizici ezine, futhi indlela yokugandaya isuka phansi iye phezulu, iqale ibe nkulu bese iba mincane.
Ubudlelwano phakathi kosayizi wezinhlayiyana zezinto zokuhlunga nobude bokugcwalisa
Isilinganiso sobude bombhede wokuhlunga kuya kusayizi wezinhlayiyana omaphakathi wento yokuhlunga ngu-800 kuya ku-1 000 (incazelo yokuklama).Usayizi wezinhlayiyana zezinto zokuhlunga uhlobene nokunemba kokuhlunga
Isihlungi se-Multimedia
Izihlungi zemidiya eminingi ezisetshenziswa ekwelashweni kwamanzi, ezijwayelekile yilezi: isihlungi sesand-magnetite se-anthracite-quartz, isihlungi se-carbon-quartz sand-magnetite esicushiwe, isihlungi sesihlabathi se-carbon-quartz esicushiwe, isihlungi se-quartz sesand-ceramic Linda.
Izici ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe ekwakhiweni kongqimba lwesihlungi sesihlungi semidiya eminingi yilezi:
1. Izinto zokuhlunga ezihlukene zinomehluko omkhulu wokuminyana ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukwenzeka kwezendlalelo ezixubile ngeke kwenzeke ngemva kokuphazamiseka kwe-backwashing.
2. Khetha okokuhlunga ngokwenhloso yokukhiqiza amanzi.
3. Usayizi wezinhlayiyana udinga ukuthi usayizi wezinhlayiyana zempahla yokuhlunga ephansi ibe mncane kunosayizi wezinhlayiyana zempahla yokuhlunga engaphezulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kanye nokusetshenziswa okugcwele kwesihlungi esingaphansi.
Eqinisweni, ukuthatha umbhede wokuhlunga onezingqimba ezintathu njengesibonelo, ungqimba olungaphezulu lwezinto zokuhlunga lunobukhulu bezinhlayiyana ezinkulu futhi lwakhiwe ngezinto zokuhlunga ezikhanyayo ezinomthamo ophansi, njenge-anthracite ne-activated carbon;ungqimba oluphakathi lwezinto zokuhlunga lunosayizi wezinhlayiyana eziphakathi nendawo kanye nokuminyana okuphakathi, ngokuvamile okwakhiwa yisihlabathi se-quartz;Isihlungi siqukethe okokuhlunga okusindayo okunosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezincane kakhulu kanye nokuminyana okukhulu kakhulu, njenge-magnetite.Ngenxa yomkhawulo womehluko wokuminyana, ukukhethwa kwempahla yesihlungi yesihlungi semidiya enezendlalelo ezintathu kuyalungiswa.Isihlungi esingaphezulu sidlala indima yokuhlunga okumahhadla, kanti okokuhlunga okungaphansi kudlala indima yokuhlunga okuhle, ukuze indima yombhede wesihlungi semidiya eminingi isetshenziswe ngokugcwele, futhi ikhwalithi yokungcola ngokusobala ingcono kunaleyo. yombhede wesihlungi sesendlalelo esisodwa.Emanzini okuphuza, ukusetshenziswa kwe-anthracite, i-resin nezinye izinto zokuhlunga ngokuvamile akuvunyelwe.
Isihlungi sesihlabathi se-quartz
Isihlungi sesihlabathi se-quartz yisihlungi esisebenzisa isihlabathi se-quartz njengento yokuhlunga.Ingakwazi ukususa ngempumelelo izinto eziqinile ezimisiwe emanzini, futhi inemiphumela esobala yokususa kuma-colloid, insimbi, izinto eziphilayo, izibulala-zinambuzane, i-manganese, amabhaktheriya, amagciwane nezinye izinto ezingcolisa amanzi.
Inezinzuzo zokumelana nokuhlunga okuncane, indawo enkulu ethize, ukumelana ne-asidi eqinile kanye ne-alkali, ukumelana ne-oxidation, uhla lwesicelo se-PH esingu-2-13, ukumelana nokungcola okuhle, njll. Inzuzo eyingqayizivele yesihlungi sesihlabathi se-quartz ukuthi ngokuthuthukisa isihlungi. impahla nesihlungi Idizayini yesihlungi ibona ukusebenza kokuzijwayeza kwesihlungi, futhi impahla yokuhlunga inokuguquguquka okuqinile ekugxilweni kwamanzi aluhlaza, izimo zokusebenza, inqubo yokwelashwa kwangaphambili, njll. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukahlukene zokusebenza, ikhwalithi yamanzi ukungcola kuqinisekisiwe, futhi impahla yokuhlunga ihlakazeka ngokugcwele ngesikhathi sokuwashwa emuva, futhi umphumela wokuhlanza muhle.
Isihlungi sesihlabathi sinezinzuzo zesivinini sokuhlunga okusheshayo, ukunemba kokuhlunga okuphezulu, nomthamo omkhulu wokucamba.Isetshenziswa kakhulu kumandla kagesi, izinto zikagesi, iziphuzo, amanzi ompompi, i-petroleum, imboni yamakhemikhali, i-metallurgy, izindwangu, ukwenza amaphepha, ukudla, indawo yokubhukuda, ubunjiniyela bakamasipala namanye amanzi acutshungulwayo, amanzi asekhaya, amanzi asetshenziswe kabusha kanye nezinkambu zamanzi angcolile.
Isihlungi sesihlabathi se-quartz sinezici zesakhiwo esilula, ukulawula okuzenzakalelayo kokusebenza, ukugeleza okukhulu kokucubungula, izikhathi ezimbalwa zokugeza i-backwash, ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga okuphezulu, ukumelana okuphansi, nokusebenza okulula nokugcinwa.
Isihlungi sekhabhoni esicushiwe
Izinto zokuhlunga ziyi-activated carbon, esetshenziselwa ukususa umbala, iphunga, i-chlorine esele kanye ne-organic matter.Imodi yayo eyinhloko yesenzo i-adsorption.I-activated carbon iyi-adsorbent yokwenziwa.
Izihlungi zekhabhoni ezicushiwe zisetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakhiweni kwamanzi namanzi asekhaya embonini yokudla, embonini yamakhemikhali, amandla kagesi nezinye izimboni.Ngenxa yokuthi ikhabhoni ecushiwe inokwakheka kwezimbotshana ezithuthuke kahle kanye nendawo enkulu ethile engaphezulu, inamandla okukhangisa aqinile ezinto eziphilayo ezincibilikisiwe emanzini, njenge-benzene, i-phenolic compounds, njll. Ukungcola okufana ne-chroma, iphunga, ama-surfactants, izihlanzi zokwenziwa kanye amadayi asuswa kahle.Izinga lokususwa kwe-plasma ye-granular activated carbon ye-Ag^+, Cd^2+ ne-CrO4^2- emanzini ingaphezu kwama-85%.[3] Ngemva kokudlula embhedeni wokuhlunga ikhabhoni ocushiwe, okuqinile okumisiwe emanzini kungaphansi kuka-0.1mg/L, izinga lokususwa kwe-COD ngokuvamile liba ngu-40%~50%, futhi i-chlorine yamahhala ingaphansi kuka-0.1mg/L.
Inqubo ye-backwash
Ukuwashwa ngemuva kwesihlungi ikakhulukazi kubhekisela ekutheni ngemva kokuba isihlungi sisetshenziswe isikhathi esithile, ungqimba lwempahla yesihlungi lugcina futhi lumunce inani elithile lama-sundries namabala, okunciphisa ikhwalithi yamanzi angcolile esihlungi.Izinga lamanzi liyawohloka, umehluko wengcindezi phakathi kwamapayipi okungena nokuphuma uyakhula, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinga lokugeleza kwesihlungi esisodwa liyancipha.
Isimiso sokuwashwa ngemuva: ukugeleza kwamanzi kudlula ngokuhlanekezela ungqimba lwezinto zokuhlunga, ukuze ungqimba lokuhlunga lukhule futhi lumise okwesikhashana, futhi ungqimba lwezinto zokuhlunga luhlanzwa ngamandla okugunda okugeleza kwamanzi kanye namandla okungqubuzana okushayisana kwezinhlayiya, ukuthi ukungcola kungqimba lokuhlunga kuhlukaniswe futhi kukhishwe ngamanzi okugeza ngemuva.
Isidingo sokuwashwa ngemuva
(1) Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlunga, izinto eziqinile ezimisiwe emanzini aluhlaza ziyagcinwa futhi zikhangiswe ungqimba lwezinto zokuhlunga futhi ngokuqhubekayo ziqoqwe oqwembeni lwempahla yokuhlunga, ngakho izimbotshana zongqimba lokuhlunga ziyavinjwa kancane kancane ukungcola, kanye nekhekhe lokuhlunga. kwakheka ebusweni bongqimba lokuhlunga, ihlunga ikhanda lamanzi.Ukulahlekelwa kuyaqhubeka ukwanda.Uma umkhawulo othile ufinyelelwa, into yokuhlunga idinga ukuhlanzwa, ukuze isendlalelo sokuhlunga sikwazi ukubuyisela ukusebenza kwaso futhi siqhubeke nokusebenza.
(2) Ngenxa yokwanda kokulahlekelwa kwekhanda lamanzi ngesikhathi sokuhlungwa, amandla okugunda okugeleza kwamanzi endaweni engcolile ekhangisiwe ebusweni bempahla yokuhlunga iba nkulu, futhi ezinye izinhlayiya zithuthela endaweni yokuhlunga ngaphansi komthelela we ukugeleza kwamanzi, okuzogcina kubangele indaba emisiwe emanzini.Njengoba okuqukethwe kuqhubeka nokukhuphuka, izinga lamanzi liyawohloka.Uma ukungcola kungena ungqimba lwesihlungi, isihlungi silahlekelwa umphumela waso wokuhlunga.Ngakho-ke, ngokwezinga elithile, izinto zokuhlunga zidinga ukuhlanzwa ukuze kubuyiselwe amandla okubamba ukungcola kwesendlalelo sezinto zokuhlunga.
(3) Indaba emisiwe emanzini angcolile iqukethe inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo.Ukugcinwa isikhathi eside kusendlalelo sesihlungi kuzoholela ekuthuthukisweni nasekukhiqizeni kabusha amagciwane nama-microorganisms kusendlalelo sesihlungi, okuholela ekonakaleni kwe-anaerobic.Izinto zokuhlunga zidinga ukuhlanzwa njalo.
Ukulawula ipharamitha ye-backwash nokuzimisela
(1) Ukuphakama kokuvuvukala: Ngesikhathi sokugeza emuva, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinhlayiya zezinto zokuhlunga zinezikhala ezanele ukuze ukungcola kukhishwe ngokushesha kusuka kungqimba lokuhlunga ngamanzi, izinga lokunwetshwa kwesendlalelo sokuhlunga kufanele libe likhulu.Kodwa-ke, uma izinga lokunwetshwa likhulu kakhulu, inani lezinhlayiya kusihlungi seyunithi ngayinye liyehla, futhi nethuba lokungqubuzana kwezinhlayiyana nalo liyancishiswa, ngakho alilungele ukuhlanzwa.Izinto zokuhlunga izingqimba ezimbili, izinga lokunwetshwa ngu-40%—-50%.Qaphela: Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kokukhiqiza, ukuphakama kokugcwalisa nokuphakama kokunwetshwa kwempahla yokuhlunga kuhlolwa ngokungahleliwe, ngoba ngesikhathi senqubo evamile yokuwasha emuva, kuzoba nokulahlekelwa okuthile noma ukugqoka kwezinto zokuhlunga, okudingeka zigcwaliswe.Isendlalelo sesihlungi esizinzile sinezinzuzo ezilandelayo: ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwekhwalithi yamanzi ahlungiwe kanye nomthelela wokuwashwa ngemuva.
(2) Ubuningi nokucindezela kwamanzi okuwashwa ngemuva: Ezimweni ezijwayelekile zokuklama, amandla amanzi okuwashwa ngemuva angama-40 m3/(m2•h), futhi ukucindezela kwamanzi okuwashwa ngemuva kungu-≤0.15 MPa.
(3) Ivolumu yomoya we-backwash kanye nokucindezela: amandla omoya we-backwash ngu-15 m/(m •h), futhi ukucindezela komoya we-backwash ngu-≤0.15 MPa.Qaphela: Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuwashwa ngemuva, umoya wokuwasha emuva ongenayo uqoqwa phezulu kwesihlungi, futhi iningi lawo kufanele likhishwe nge-valve yokukhipha eyizimbobo ezimbili.ekukhiqizweni kwansuku zonke.Kuyadingeka ukuhlola i-patency ye-valve yokukhipha kaningi, ebonakala ngokuyinhloko ngezinga lenkululeko yebhola le-valve phezulu naphansi.
I-Gas-water ehlanganiswe i-backwash
(1) Hlanza ngomoya kuqala, bese ugeza emuva ngamanzi: okokuqala, yehlisa izinga lamanzi lesisefo libe ngu-100 mm ngaphezu koqweqwe lokuhlunga, vumela umoya ungene imizuzu embalwa, bese ugeza ngemuva ngamanzi.Ifanele izihlungi ezinokungcoliswa komhlaba osindayo kanye nokungcoliswa okukhanyayo kwangaphakathi.
Qaphela: I-valve ehambisanayo kufanele ivalwe endaweni yayo;ngaphandle kwalokho, lapho izinga lamanzi lehla ngaphansi koqweqwe lokuhlunga, ingxenye engenhla yesihlungi ngeke ifakwe emanzini.Ngesikhathi sokuphazamiseka kwaphezulu naphansi kwezinhlayiya, ukungcola akukwazi ukukhishwa ngokuphumelelayo, kodwa kuzongena kujule kungqimba lokuhlunga.hambisa.
(2) Ukuwashwa ngemuva okuhlanganisiwe komoya namanzi: Amanzi omoya nawashwa ngemuva anikezwa kanyekanye kusukela engxenyeni engezansi yesendlalelo sesihlungi esimile.Umoya wenza amabhamuza amakhulu ongqimbeni lwesihlabathi ngesikhathi sokukhuphuka, bese uphenduka ube amabhamuza amancane lapho uhlangana nezinto zokuhlunga.Inomphumela wokukhuhla ebusweni bempahla yokuhlunga;i-backwashing ingaphezulu lamanzi kukhulula ungqimba lokuhlunga, ukuze okokuhlunga kube sesimweni sokumiswa, okuzuzisa emoyeni ukukhuhla okokuhlunga.Imiphumela yokunwetshwa kwamanzi e-backwash nomoya we-backwash ibekwe phezu komunye nomunye, onamandla kunalapho zenziwa zodwa.
Qaphela: Umfutho wamanzi wokuwasha ngemuva uhlukile kunomfutho we-backwash namandla omoya.Kufanele kuqashelwe umyalelo wokuvimbela amanzi ahlanzwa ngemuva ukuthi angangeni epayipini lomoya.
(3) Ngemuva kokuthi i-backwashing ehlanganisiwe yomoya-moya isiqediwe, yeka ukungena emoyeni, gcina ukugeleza okufanayo kwamanzi okugeza emuva, futhi uqhubeke ugeza imizuzu engu-3 kuya kumaminithi angu-5, ama-bubbles omoya ashiywe embhedeni wokuhlunga angasuswa.
Amazwana: Ungakwazi ukunaka isimo se-valve yokukhipha umoya enezimbobo ezimbili phezulu.
Ukuhlaziywa Kwezimbangela Zokuqina Kwezinto Zokuhlunga
(1) Uma ukungcola okuboshelwe endaweni engaphezulu yesendlalelo sokuhlunga akukwazi ukususwa ngokuphumelelayo phakathi nenkathi ethile, enqubweni elandelayo yokuwasha emuva, uma ukusatshalaliswa komoya wokuwasha kungafananga, ukuphakama kokunwetshwa kuzobe kungalingani.Ukuhlikihla komoya wokugeza, lapho umfutho wokuhlikihla umncane, ukungcola okufana namabala kawoyela ebusweni bezinto zokuhlunga akukwazi ukususwa ngokuphumelelayo.Ngemva kokusetshenziswa komjikelezo ojwayelekile wokuhlunga amanzi, umthwalo wendawo uyakhula, ukungcola kuzocwila kusuka phezulu kuya ngaphakathi, futhi ama-pellets azokhula kancane kancane.enkulu, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo idlulele ekujuleni kokugcwalisa kwesihlungi kuze kube yilapho isihlungi sihluleka.
Ukuphawula: Ekusebenzeni kwangempela, isenzakalo somoya ongalingani we-backwash ngokuvamile ukwenzeka, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokubhobozwa kwepayipi lokusabalalisa umoya elingaphansi, ukuvinjelwa noma ukulimala kwekepisi lesihlungi sendawo, noma ukuwohloka kwesikhala sepayipi legridi.
(2) Izinhlayiya zezinto zokuhlunga ezingaphezulu kongqimba lwesihlungi zincane, mancane amathuba okushayisana ngesikhathi sokuwashwa ngemuva, futhi umfutho mncane, ngakho akulula ukuwuhlanza.Izinhlayiya zesihlabathi ezinamathiselwe kulula ukwenza amabhola amancane odaka.Lapho ungqimba lokuhlunga luhlelwa kabusha ngemva kokuwashwa emuva, amabhola odaka angena engxenyeni engezansi yezinto zokuhlunga futhi adlulele ekujuleni njengoba amabhola odaka ekhula.
(3) Amafutha aqukethwe emanzini aluhlaza avaleleke esisefweni.Ngemva kokuwashwa ngemuva kanye nengxenye esele, iqoqana ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okuyisici esiyinhloko esiholela ekuqineni kwezinto zokuhlunga.Kunini lapho ukuwashwa ngemuva kunganqunywa ngokwezinga lamanzi ahlanzekile kanye nezidingo zekhwalithi yamanzi angcolile, kusetshenziswa imibandela efana nokulahlekelwa ikhanda elilinganiselwe, ikhwalithi yamanzi angcolile noma isikhathi sokuhluzwa.
Izinyathelo zokuphepha zokucubungula isihlungi nezinqubo zokwamukela
(1) Ukubekezelelana okufanayo phakathi kwendawo yokukhipha amanzi nepuleti lokuhlunga kuyadingeka ukuthi kungabi ngaphezu kwama-2 mm.
(2) Izinga nokungalingani kwepuleti lokuhlunga kokubili kungaphansi kuka ±1.5 mm.Isakhiwo sepuleti lesihlungi samukela ukucubungula okungcono kakhulu sekukonke.Uma ububanzi besilinda bukhulu, noma buvinjelwe ngezinto ezingavuthiwe, ezokuthutha, njll., ukuhlanganisa okunama-lobed amabili nakho kungasetshenziswa.
(3) Ukwelashwa okunengqondo kwezingxenye ezihlangene zepuleti lokuhlunga nesilinda kubaluleke kakhulu kusixhumanisi sokugeza i-backwashing emoyeni.
①Ukuze kuqedwe igebe le-radial phakathi kwepuleti lesihlungi nesilinda elibangelwe amaphutha ekucubungulweni kwepuleti lesihlungi kanye nokugingqika kwesilinda, i-arc ring plate ivamise ukushiselwa ngesegimenti.Izingxenye zokuthintana kufanele zishiselwe ngokuphelele.
②Indlela yokwelapha yokukhishwa kwe-radial yepayipi elimaphakathi nepuleti lokuhlunga iyafana nale engenhla.
Ukuphawula: Izinyathelo ezingenhla ziqinisekisa ukuthi ukusefa nokuwashwa ngemuva kungadluliswa kuphela ngegebe eliphakathi kwesivalo sokuhlunga noma ipayipi lokukhipha umoya.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukufana kokusabalalisa kwe-backwashing kanye neziteshi zokuhlunga nakho kuqinisekisiwe.
(4) Iphutha le-radial lembobo edlula emshinini wokuhlunga ngu-±1.5 mm.Ukwenyuka kosayizi wokulingana phakathi kwenduku yomhlahlandlela yekepisi lokuhlunga kanye nembobo edlulayo yepuleti lokuhlunga akusizi ekufakweni noma ekulungisweni kwekepisi lesihlungi.Ukucutshungulwa kwezimbobo kumele kwenziwe ngomshini....
(5) Impahla yesigqoko sokuhlunga, inayiloni ihamba phambili, ilandelwa yi-ABS.Ngenxa yezinto zokuhlunga ezingezwe engxenyeni engenhla, umthwalo we-extrusion kukepisi lokuhlunga mkhulu kakhulu, futhi amandla ayadingeka ukuze abe phezulu ukuze kugwenywe ukuwohloka.Izindawo zokuthintana (izindawo ezingaphezulu neziphansi) zekepisi lokuhlunga kanye nepuleti lokuhlunga kuzohlinzekwa ngamaphedi erabha anwebekayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-20-2022