Izindlela zokuvimbela nokunciphisa i-welding deformation kumele zicabangele ukuklama kwenqubo ye-welding futhi zinqobe ukuhlukahluka kwemijikelezo eshisayo nebanda ngesikhathi sokushisela.I-shrinkage ayikwazi ukuqedwa, kodwa ingalawulwa.Kunezindlela eziningana zokunciphisa ukuwohloka kokuncipha.
1 Ungashisi kakhulu
Uma insimbi igcwaliswa kakhulu ku-weld, amandla amakhulu okuguqula azokhiqizwa.Ubukhulu obufanele be-weld abukwazi nje ukuthola i-welding deformation encane, kodwa futhi londoloza impahla ye-welding nesikhathi.Inani lensimbi yokushisela ukugcwalisa i-weld kufanele libe lincane, futhi i-weld kufanele ibe flat noma i-convex kancane.Insimbi yokushisela ngokweqile ngeke yandise amandla.Ngokuphambene nalokho, kuzokwandisa amandla okunciphisa futhi kwandise ukubola kwe-welding.
2 Ukushisela okungapheli
Enye indlela yokunciphisa inani lokugcwalisa i-weld ukusebenzisa i-welding ephakathi.Isibonelo, lapho ukushisela amapuleti aqinisiwe, ukushisela okuphakathi kunganciphisa inani lokugcwaliswa kwe-weld ngo-75%, kuyilapho kuqinisekisa amandla adingekayo.
3. Nciphisa i-weld passage
I-welding enocingo olumahhadla futhi amaphasi ambalwa inokuwohloka okuncane kune-welding enocingo oluncane namaphasi amaningi.Endabeni yokudlula okuningi, ukuncipha okubangelwa ukudlula ngakunye kukhulisa ngokunqwabelanayo ukushwabana kwe-weld.Njengoba kubonakala emfanekisweni, inqubo yokushisela enamaphasi ambalwa kanye ne-electrode ewugqinsi inemiphumela engcono kunaleyo enamaphasi amaningi kanye ne-electrode emincane.
Qaphela: Inqubo yokushisela yocingo olumahhadla, i-pass pass welding noma i-fine wire, i-multi-pass welding incike ezintweni.Ngokuvamile, insimbi ye-carbon ephansi, i-16Mn nezinye izinto zifaneleka ngocingo olubi kanye nokushisela okuncane kokudlula.Insimbi engagqwali, i-carbon steel ephezulu nezinye izinto zifaneleka ngocingo oluhle kanye ne-multi-pass welding
4. Ubuchwepheshe be-Anti-deformation
Gobela noma tshekisa izingxenye zibheke kolunye uhlangothi lwe-welding deformation ngaphambi kokushisela (ngaphandle kokushisela okuguqula noma ukushisela okuqondile).Inani elisethiwe lokuhlehla lokuhlehla kufanele linqunywe ngokuhlolwa.Ukugoqa, ukusetha ngaphambilini, noma ukushumayeza izingxenye ezishiselwe kuyindlela elula yokuqeda izingcindezi zokushisela ngokusebenzisa amandla emishini ahlehlayo.Lapho i-workpiece isethiwe, kwenzeka ukuguquguquka okubangela ukuthi ucezu lokusebenza luhluke ekucindezelekeni kwe-weld shrinkage.I-deformation esethiwe ngaphambi kokushisela iyacisha ngokushintsha ngemva kokushisela, okwenza i-workpiece yokushisela ibe indiza ekahle.
Enye indlela evamile yokulinganisa amandla okufinyela ukubeka amashisela afanayo ngokumelene nomunye futhi uwahlanganise ndawonye.Le ndlela ingabuye isetshenziselwe ukugoba kwangaphambili, lapho inkaba ibekwe endaweni efanele ye-workpiece ngaphambi kokubopha.
Abashiseli abakhethekile abasindayo bangakwazi ukukhiqiza amandla okulinganisa adingekayo ngenxa yokuqina kwawo noma ukuma kwezingxenye komunye nomunye.Uma lawa mandla ebhalansi engakhiqizwa, ezinye izindlela ziyadingeka ukuze kulinganiswe amandla okuncipha kwezinto zokushisela ukuze kufezwe injongo yokukhanselwa okufanayo.Amandla ebhalansi angaba amanye amandla anciphayo, amandla abophezelayo akhiwe ngokuhlanganisa, amandla abophayo okuhlanganisa kanye nokulandelana kokushisela kwezingxenye, amandla okubopha akhiwe amandla adonsela phansi.
5 Welding Sequence
Ngokusho kwesakhiwo se-workpiece ukunquma ukulandelana komhlangano okunengqondo, ukuze ukwakheka kwendawo yokusebenza endaweni efanayo kunciphe.I-groove enezinhlangothi ezimbili ivuliwe ku-workpiece futhi i-shaft, i-welding ye-multi-layer yamukelwa, futhi ukulandelana kwe-welding kabili kunqunywa.I-welding yesikhashana isetshenziswa kuma-weld we-fillet, futhi ukuncipha kwe-weld yokuqala kulinganisa ukuncipha kwe-weld yesibili.I-fixture ingabamba i-workpiece endaweni oyifunayo, ikhulise ukuqina futhi inciphise ukuguqulwa kwe-welding.Le ndlela isetshenziswa kabanzi ekushiseleni i-workpiece encane noma izingxenye ezincane, ngenxa yokwanda kokucindezeleka kwe-welding, kuphela efanelekayo isakhiwo sepulasitiki sensimbi ephansi ye-carbon.
6 Khipha amandla okuncipha ngemva kokushisela
I-Percussion iyindlela yokulwa nokuncipha kwe-weld, njengokupholisa kwe-weld.Ukuthepha kuzobangela ukuthi i-weld inwebe futhi ibe mncane, ngaleyo ndlela isuse ingcindezi (i-elastic deformation).Kodwa-ke, uma usebenzisa le ndlela, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi impande ye-weld ayikwazi ukunqotshwa, engase ikhiqize imifantu.Ngokuvamile, i-percussion ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa kuma-welds wekhava.
Ngoba, isendlalelo sekhava singase sibe nemifantu ye-weld, sithinte ukutholwa kwe-weld, umphumela oqinile.Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe kunomkhawulo, futhi kukhona ngisho nezimo ezidinga ukuthepha kuphela ku-multi-layer pass (ngaphandle kokushisela okuphansi kanye nokushisela ikhava) ukuxazulula inkinga yokuguga noma yokuqhekeka.Ukwelashwa kokushisa nakho kungenye yezindlela zokususa amandla okunciphisa, ukulawula izinga lokushisa eliphezulu nokupholisa umsebenzi;Kwesinye isikhathi i-workpiece efanayo ibuyela emuva ekubambeni emuva, i-welding, nalesi simo sokuqondanisa ukuze kuqedwe ingcindezi, ukuze i-workpiece eyinsalela yokucindezeleka ibe mincane.
6. Yehlisa isikhathi sokushisela
Ukushisela kukhiqiza ukushisa nokupholisa, futhi kuthatha isikhathi ukudlulisa ukushisa.Ngakho-ke, isici sesikhathi sithinta ne-deformation.Ngokuvamile, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuqeda i-welding ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba inqwaba ye-workpiece ishiswe futhi yandiswe.Inqubo yokushisela, njengohlobo nosayizi we-electrode, i-welding current, isivinini sokushisela nokunye kuthinta izinga lokuncipha nokuguqulwa kwe-welding workpiece.Ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokushisela eyimishini kunciphisa isikhathi sokushisela kanye nenani lokuguqulwa okubangelwa ukushisa.
Okwesibili, ezinye izindlela zokunciphisa i-welding deformation
1 Ibhulokhi yokupholisa amanzi
Amasu amaningi angasetshenziswa ukulawula i-welding deformation yama-welders akhethekile.Isibonelo, ekushiseni amashidi amancane, ukusetshenziswa kwamabhulokhi apholile ngamanzi kungathatha ukushisa kwe-workpiece ehlanganisiwe.Ipayipi lethusi lishiselwa endaweni yethusi ngokugqama noma nge-soldering, futhi ipayipi liyapholiswa ukuze lijikeleze ukuze kuncishiswe ukuwohloka kokushisela.
2 Ipuleti le-Wedge block positioning
"I-Positioning plate" iwukulawula okuphumelelayo kwe-welding deformation ye-steel plate butt welding technology, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni.Ingxenye eyodwa ye-positioning plate ishiselwe epuletini le-workpiece, futhi enye iphetho yebhulokhi ye-wedge iboshwe epuleti lokucindezela.Amapuleti amaningi okumisa angahle ahlelwe ukuze kugcinwe ukuma nokulungiswa kwepuleti lensimbi lokushisela ngesikhathi sokushisela.
3. Ukuqeda ukucindezeleka okushisayo
Ngaphandle kwezimo ezikhethekile, ukusetshenziswa kokushisa ukususa ukucindezeleka akuyona indlela efanele, kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokuba i-workpiece ihlanganiswe ukuvimbela noma ukunciphisa ukuguqulwa kwe-welding.
Tfihla, Isiphetho
Ukuze unciphise umthelela we-welding deformation kanye nengcindezi eyinsalela, amaphuzu alandelayo kufanele anakwe lapho uklama futhi ushisela ucezu lokusebenzela:
(1) Akukho ukushisela ngokweqile;(2) Lawula ukuma kwe-workpiece;(3) Sebenzisa ukushisela okungaqhubeki ngangokunokwenzeka, kodwa kufanele kuhlangabezane nezidingo zokuklama;(4) Usayizi wonyawo lokushisela omncane ngangokunokwenzeka;(5) Ukuze uthole ukushisela kwe-groove evulekile, inani lokushisela lelunga kufanele lincishiswe, futhi umsele wamazwe omabili kufanele ucatshangelwe njengokungena esikhundleni sejoyinti lomsele owodwa;(6) I-Multi-layer kanye ne-multi-pass welding kufanele yamukelwe ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kuthathelwe indawo ye-single-layer kanye ne-bilateral welding.Vula i-groove welding enezinhlangothi ezimbili endaweni yokusebenza kanye ne-shaft, sebenzisa i-welding enezingqimba eziningi, futhi unqume ukulandelana kwe-welding ezinhlangothini ezimbili;(7) multi-ungqimba kancane pass Welding;(8) Yamukela inqubo yokushisela okokufaka ukushisa okuphansi, okusho izinga eliphezulu lokuncibilika kanye nesivinini sokushisela esisheshayo;(9) I-positioner isetshenziselwa ukwenza i-workpiece endaweni ye-welding emise umkhumbi.Isikhundla se-welding esimise umkhumbi singasebenzisa i-diameter enkulu yocingo kanye nenqubo yokushisela izinga eliphezulu lokuhlanganisa;(10) Ngangokunokwenzeka in the workpiece sika neutralization shaft setha weld, futhi Welding symmetrical;(11) Ngangokunokwenzeka ngokulandelana kwe-welding kanye nokuma kwe-welding ukwenza ukushisa kwe-welding kusakazeke ngokulinganayo;(12) Ukushisela endaweni engavinjelwe ye-workpiece;(13) Sebenzisa i-fixture, i-tooling kanye nepuleti lokubeka ukuze ulungise futhi umise.14(15) I-welding ehlukene kanye ne-welding isiyonke ngokuvumelana nokulandelana, i-welding ingagcina ibhalansi ezungeze i-neutralization shaft.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-19-2022